Napolean Social Reforms Flashcards
Class distinctions and titles
Napoleon promised a society with careers ‘open to talents’ where men and women could advance themselves based upon their own merit.
Example of advancement within society
General Augereau was the son of a Parisian fruit-seller who rose to become the duc de Castiglione a grand officer of the Legion of Honour and Marshal of France.
Limitations of class distinctions
Limit to how much those in lower ranks of society could advance
Napoleon only really interested in civilians of education and wealth who could serve the empire
When was the Legion de Honour established?
1802
What was the Legion de Honour?
Reward for those who had served him well and shown loyalty
How many legion de honour awards were given out by 1814?
32,000
How many legion de honour awards went to civilians?
1500 out of 32,000
(Mainly given to military)
When was the Napoleonic nobility introduced?
What title were people given?
1808
Chevalier de L’empire
What percentage of titles of the imperial nobility went to military men?
59%
Who were the ‘marshals de France’
Napoleons 18 generals
How was Ralliement seen within the introduction of the Imperial nobility ?
22.5% of those ennobled by Napoleon were from the Ancien Regime and the title therefore become a prop of the policy of ralliement
What did Napoleon shape the new education system around?
The enlightenment principles
Primary schools
Known as ‘école populaire’
Set up in each commune
Secondary schools
‘Lycées’
Source of the empires future military and civilian personnel
Run with military discipline and taught a ‘modern’ curriculum
Who did the majority of places in the Lycées go to?
2400 out of 6400 went to sons of soldiers, civil servants and notables
When was the Imperial University established?
March 1808
What was the role of the Imperial University?
Acted as a supervisory rather than teaching institution ensuring all education conformed to certain standards
What was Napoleons view of women’s role in society?
Women was destined for marriage and marriage was for the purpose of acquiring children and transmitting property
How did women benefit from the napoleonic regime ?
Civil code of 1804 women were granted marginally more control over their own property when they married. They were allowed to possess ‘immovable goods’
Newspapers in January 1800
Reduced number of Parisian newspapers from 73 to 13
Newspapers by 1801
Only four were allowed to publish
What happened if newspapers published illegal works?
Fined up to 3000 Francs
January 1810
New censorship board set up to approve/reject books for publications
How did Napoleon use propaganda to present himself?
‘Myth of Saviour’ presented as bringing order to chaos by saving France
Significance of Napoleons use of art, sculpture and architecture
Links to classical Roman times to secure his position as emperor
How did Napoleon attempt to create a positive image of the regime in Paris?
Improving Paris’s buildings and road networks
Construction of show pieces eg. Arc du Triomphe
When was the religious concordat signed?
15th July 1801
What were the terms of the concordat?
-Catholicism recognised as ‘majority religion’
-oath of loyalty by church
-pope reinstated as head of Roman Catholic Church
-religious toleration extended to Protestants and Jews
1808 religion event
Napoleon conquered Rome and imprisoned the pope
Changes under Napoleon that reversed the dechristianisation
July 1799 Sunday made day of rest
December 1799 churches open all day everyday
