The Tarsus Flashcards
1
Q
What are the bones of the tarsus?
A
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Central tarsal
- Third tarsal
- Fourth tarsal
- Fused 1st + 2nd tarsals
2
Q
What tendons + ligaments surround the tarsus?
A
- Tibialis cranialis
- Medial + lateral collateral ligaments
- Peroneus tertius
- DDFT + SDFT
- Gastrocnemius
- Tarsal sheaths
3
Q
What are conditions of the tarsus?
A
- Osteochondritis Dissecans / developmental ( valgus/wedging)
- Osteoarthritis
- Fractures / luxation
- Soft tissue - collateral ligaments
-tarsal sheath / DDFT
-Calcaneal bursa /SDFT luxation
4
Q
What is Osteochondritis dissecans? Distribution? CS?
A
- Piece of bone or cartilage inside a joint loses blood supply + dies
- Distribution = Distal intermediate ridge of tibia (DIRT)
-Lateral trochlear ridge - CS = young horse, effusion of tarsocrural joint + lame
5
Q
What is included in the calcaneal bursae?
A
- Gastrocnemius bursa
- Intertendinous bursa
- Superficial bursae
6
Q
How is Osteochondritis dissecans treated?
A
- Arthroscopy + removal of fragment
= effusion resolves
7
Q
What is tarsal bone collapse? Causes? DDX? Tx?
A
- Incomplete ossification
- Causes = dysmature/premature foal
-Neonatal maladjustment
-Present as angular limb deformities - Ddx = septic physitis
- Supportive Tx = poor prognosis
8
Q
Osteoarthritis of the small tarsal joints CS? Dx?
A
- CS = Palpable exostoses, squared off toes, lameness
-Poor performance, flexion test +ve, tarsocrural effusion - Dx = Diagnostic anaesthesia
-Radiography
9
Q
What sepsis do foals get? SEPTC
A
- Synovial - joint affected
- Epiphyseal = joint + bone
- Physeal = just in physis
- Tarsal + Carpal bones
10
Q
How can you treat small tarsal OA?
A
- Systemic meds = NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, nutraceuticals
- Intra-articular meds = Corticosteroids +/-hyaluronic acid
- Farriery = improve breakover
- Chemical arthrodesis = Ethyl alcohol
- Surgical arthrodesis = drilling
11
Q
What are different tarsal fractures + outcomes?
A
- Malleolar = can remove arthroscopically
- Calcaneal + Unstable = EUTHANASIA
- Small tarsal bones = conservative / internal fixation
12
Q
Where do luxations occur with the tarsal? Dx? Tx?
A
- Occurs usually tarsometatarsal J / Proximal intertarsal J
- Dx = radiographs
- Tx = Cast +/- internal fixation
-Or Euthanasia
13
Q
What are soft tissue injuries of the tarsus?
A
- Collateral ligament injuries
- Tarsal sheath swelling
- Calcaneal bursa / lateral luxation of SDFT
14
Q
What can tarsal luxation be confused for?
A
- Clean leg fracture - need Radiograph
15
Q
What is Tx of collateral ligament injuries?
A
Conservative
* Rest
* NSAIDs + cold hosing, bandaging
* Physiotherapy
