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MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep > The Study of Skin > Flashcards

The Study of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Healthy skin requires special care to maintain its health, elasticity, vibrancy, and ___________.

A

color

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2
Q

What is the technical term for the study of skin, including its structure, functions, diseases, and treatment?

A

dermatology

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3
Q

The outer protective layer of skin is called the _______________.

A

epidermis

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4
Q

What is another name for the stratum germinativum?

A

basal or stratum basale layer

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5
Q

Where does mitosis or replacement of skin cells take place?

A

stratum germinativum

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6
Q

The _____________ layer of the skin does not contain any blood vessels.

A

epidermis

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7
Q

Which two layers of the skin contain melanin?

A

stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum

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8
Q

On the human body, the thickest skin is located on the ________________.

A

palms and soles

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9
Q

Where are the blood vessels found that transport nourishment to the skin and nerves?

A

subcutaneous

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10
Q

Sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, sensory nerve endings, arrector pili muscles, and a major portion of each hair follicle are found in the _____________.

A

dermis

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11
Q

The layer of the epidermis that is shed and replaced constantly is the ___________________.

A

stratum corneum

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12
Q

What is notable about the stratum corneum?

A

it is the toughest layer of the skin

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13
Q

The stratum corneum is composed of ____________.

A

keratin cells

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14
Q

Which layer is the top, uppermost layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum

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15
Q

What part of the skin is often referred to as “true skin”?

A

dermis

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16
Q

Which layer of the skin contains collagen protein fibers to help give the skin its elasticity and pliability?

A

dermis

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17
Q

The deterioration of collagen and elastin fibers during the aging process causes _____________.

A

wrinkles

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18
Q

What is the major function of the sudoriferous gland?

A

help regulate the body temperature

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19
Q

The sebaceous gland produces ____________.

A

sebum (oil)

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20
Q

What is the function of sebum?

A

mix with sweat to form the acid mantle

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21
Q

On what area of the body would you not find any sebaceous glands?

A

on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet

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22
Q

Sweat or perspiration is excreted by what gland?

A

sudoriferous

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23
Q

The small openings onto the skin from the sudoriferous glands are called ______________.

A

pores

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24
Q

Sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands are referred to as ___________________.

A

duct glands

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25
Q

The excretion of perspiration from the skin is controlled by the _____________________.

A

nervous system

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26
Q

Control and regulation of body temperature by the sudoriferous glands helps maintain the body temperature at ______________.

A

98.6 degrees Farenheit

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27
Q

The greatest concentration of sudoriferous glands are found on the ______________________.

A

palms, soles, scalp, forehead, and underarms

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28
Q

The papillary canal takes oil (sebum) to the _________________.

A

surface of the skin

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29
Q

The subcutaneous layer of the skin is made up mostly of ___________________.

A

fatty cells

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30
Q

Nerve bundles in the subcutaneous tissue branch into the stratum granulosum layer and respond to ____________.

A

pain

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31
Q

What tans the skin to help protect it from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun?

A

melanin

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32
Q

Where is the layer of skin called the subcutaneous layer located?

A

below the dermis

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33
Q

Which layer of skin contains large blood vessels that transport nourishment to the skin?

A

subcutaneous

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34
Q

Almost 90% of the skin’s wrinkles are caused by _____________________.

A

excessive exposure to the sun

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35
Q

On the human body, the thinnest skin is located ______________.

A

on the eyelids

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36
Q

Light skin and dark skin differ in the __________________________.

A

rate and amount of melanin produced

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37
Q

Healthy skin has a pH of ______________ and is slightly ______________.

A

4.5 to 5.5; acidic

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38
Q

What is the technical name for the study of the causes of disease?

A

etiology

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39
Q

What is the technical term for the study of diseases?

A

pathology

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40
Q

Anticipating the most probable course a disease may follow is called ______________.

A

prognosis

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41
Q

How should a cosmetologist react if the client has a skin disease?

A

refer the client to a physician

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42
Q

Chronic is the term used to identify conditions that are ______________.

A

frequent and habitual

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43
Q

The term used to identify conditions that are brief and severe is __________________.

A

acute

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44
Q

A disease influenced by the weather is referred to as _______________.

A

seasonal

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45
Q

A disease that spreads by personal contact is known as _______________.

A

contagious

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46
Q

An allergic reaction to cosmetics or chemicals that cosmetologists may be susceptible to is called ____________________.

A

dermatitis venenata

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47
Q

An example of a subjective symptom would be __________________.

A

itching

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48
Q

A papule is an example of a ______________________.

A

primary skin lesion

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49
Q

______________ can be produced by contact with poison ivy.

A

Vesicles

50
Q

What is the technical term for freckles?

A

macules

51
Q

______________________ is the technical term for fever blisters.

A

Herpes simplex

52
Q

Abnormal changes in the structure of organs or tissue are called primary, secondary and tertiary _______________.

A

lesions

53
Q

A cyst is defined as ________________________.

A

abnormal membranous sac

54
Q

A secondary lesion appearing as round, dry patches of skin covered with rough, silvery scales is called _________________.

A

psoriasis

55
Q

A solid mass in the skin that could be soft or hard, fixed or freely movable and may be elevated or deep is called a ______________.

A

tumor

56
Q

What may happen to the skin if an area is subject to pressure or friction over a period of time?

A

it may become callused

57
Q

What type of skin lesion often occurs when skin loses its flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold, water, etc. and cracks appear in the skin?

A

fissure

58
Q

The lesion found following the healing of an injury is called a(n) _____________.

A

scar

59
Q

Verruca is a name given to a variety of ______________.

A

warts

60
Q

Which of the following terms describes a keratoma?

A

a callus

61
Q

What is the technical name for liver spots?

A

chloasma

62
Q

What is another name for a stain in the skin caused by the dilation of the small blood vessels in the skin, also known as a birthmark?

A

naevus

63
Q

What is the technical term for a decrease in the activity of melanocytes?

A

leukoderma

64
Q

Melanotic sarcoma is a skin cancer that begins with _________.

A

a mole

65
Q

Comedone is the technical name for ______________.

A

blackhead

66
Q

Accumulations of hardened sebum beneath the skin are called whiteheads or __________.

A

milia

67
Q

Acne can be found in two stages: acne ____________ and acne ______________.

A

simplex; vulgaris

68
Q

What is a condition that is characterized by dry, scaly skin caused by a decreased production of sebum?

A

asteatosis

69
Q

Which disorder is caused by excessive secretions of the sebaceous glands?

A

seborrhea

70
Q

Acne most often occurs on _________________________.

A

the face, back and chest

71
Q

Where doe a steatoma most often appear?

A

the scalp, neck and back

72
Q

What is the definition of bromidrosis?

A

foul-smelling perspiration

73
Q

What is the disorder that is an over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness?

A

hyperhidrosis

74
Q

The lack of perspiration caused by fever or disease is called __________________.

A

anhidrosis

75
Q

What is the professional action to be taken when a client with rosacea requests a facial service with you?

A

proceed with the service with approval of the client’s physician

76
Q

Products that work to further cleanse the skin and return it to its normal pH include _____________________.

A

astringents and toners

77
Q

Persons exposed to excessive heat may develop ____________________.

A

miliaria rubra

78
Q

A term that is used to describe moisturizing is ________________.

A

hydrating

79
Q

______________________ is a massage movement that involves light, gentle stroking or circular movements.

A

Effleurage

80
Q

Apply pressure to motor points will ________________________ the nerves and muscles.

A

soothe and stimulate

81
Q

The gentle massage movement that often begins and ends a massage treatment is ________________.

A

effleurage

82
Q

If a client suffers from high blood pressure or has suffered a stroke or heart attack, massage movements should be ____________________________.

A

avoided since massage increases circulation

83
Q

The massage manipulation that consists of light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles is called ________________.

A

petrissage

84
Q

Which massage movement deeply stimulates the muscles, nerves, and skin glands?

A

petrissage

85
Q

________________ is a circular deep muscle rubbing movement usually carried out with the fingertips or palms of the hands.

A

Friction

86
Q

Areas of the skin that are diseased, broken, bruised or scraped ____________________.

A

should not be massaged

87
Q

If the client is seeking a soothing massage, avoid ______________ movements.

A

tapotement

88
Q

_________________ masks are heated, applied over gauze, and act to draw oil and perspiration from the top layer of the skin.

A

Paraffin

89
Q

Diabetes, high blood pressure, pacemakers or metal implants are generally ________________ for skin care services.

A

contraindications

90
Q

___________ should never be applied over a sunburn.

A

Wax

91
Q

Why is it not recommended to wax lanugo hair?

A

skin may lose its softness

92
Q

How do chemical depilatories remove unwanted hair?

A

by degrading the protein structure of the hair

93
Q

Why will many clients have the opinion that shaved hair feels thicker after removal?

A

due to the blunt cutting effect of the razor

94
Q

In what direction are eyebrow hairs to be removed?

A

in the direction of hair growth

95
Q

What hair removal technique is available for clients who cannot tolerate hot wax treatments?

A

cold wax

96
Q

How do you test the temperature of hot wax prior to applying it to your client?

A

test on the back of your hand

97
Q

In what direction do you pull removal strips during hot wax treatments?

A

in the opposite direction of hair growth

98
Q

What should be applied to the skin following the use of a wax depilatory?

A

a soothing lotion or toner

99
Q

Inserting a single needle into a hair follicle for hair removal is called short-wave electrolysis, or _________________________.

A

thermolysis

100
Q

What hair removal method remove the hair by decomposing the papilla?

A

Galvanic

101
Q

Most corrective makeup and contouring is done to help the face appear ___________.

A

oval

102
Q

What facial feature would accompany a heart shaped face?

A

wider forehead and narrower jaw

103
Q

What colors seem to recede or diminish the appearance of facial features?

A

darker colors

104
Q

What must be done before foundation makeup is applied?

A

skin must be cleansed, toned and moisturized

105
Q

What is considered to be the most important product in makeup?

A

foundation

106
Q

On what area of the face is a foundation tested for a color match?

A

jawline

107
Q

Unless color correction in required, match the foundation to _____________.

A

natural skin tone

108
Q

Why would the cosmetologist apply a lighter shade when performing corrective makeup?

A

to emphasize or highlight a facial area

109
Q

Full face applications or two shade applications must be blended well to avoid _________________.

A

a line of demarcation

110
Q

One method to make wide-set eyes appear closer together is ________________________.

A

extend the brows past the inner corner of the eyes

111
Q

What benefits does the wearer receive from wearing mascara?

A

lengthens, thickens, and defines the lashes

112
Q

Face powders come in ____________ shades to match foundations, and also in ____________ forms, which can be worn with any shade.

A

tinted; translucent

113
Q

What type of blush blends well and is suitable for any skin type?

A

liquid

114
Q

Facial powders are designed to _____________________.

A

set other makeup products so they last longer

115
Q

What is involved in the service of eye tabbing?

A

applying individual lashes

116
Q

Semi-permanent individual eyelashes are made of ______________.

A

synthetic fibers

117
Q

Semi-permanent individual eyelashes last for a period of ____________________________.

A

6 to 8 weeks

118
Q

Individual lashes do not adhere to lower lashes for as long as top ones because of __________________.

A

the body’s natural oils

119
Q

Where in the course of a makeup application does applying lipstick usually occur?

A

last cosmetic to be applied

120
Q

During the draping of your client for a makeup application, prepare the client by draping, positioning the chair, and ______________________.

A

putting a headband on client

MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep (14 decks)

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