The Study of Skin Flashcards
Healthy skin requires special care to maintain its health, elasticity, vibrancy, and ___________.
color
What is the technical term for the study of skin, including its structure, functions, diseases, and treatment?
dermatology
The outer protective layer of skin is called the _______________.
epidermis
What is another name for the stratum germinativum?
basal or stratum basale layer
Where does mitosis or replacement of skin cells take place?
stratum germinativum
The _____________ layer of the skin does not contain any blood vessels.
epidermis
Which two layers of the skin contain melanin?
stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum
On the human body, the thickest skin is located on the ________________.
palms and soles
Where are the blood vessels found that transport nourishment to the skin and nerves?
subcutaneous
Sudoriferous glands, sebaceous glands, sensory nerve endings, arrector pili muscles, and a major portion of each hair follicle are found in the _____________.
dermis
The layer of the epidermis that is shed and replaced constantly is the ___________________.
stratum corneum
What is notable about the stratum corneum?
it is the toughest layer of the skin
The stratum corneum is composed of ____________.
keratin cells
Which layer is the top, uppermost layer of the epidermis?
stratum corneum
What part of the skin is often referred to as “true skin”?
dermis
Which layer of the skin contains collagen protein fibers to help give the skin its elasticity and pliability?
dermis
The deterioration of collagen and elastin fibers during the aging process causes _____________.
wrinkles
What is the major function of the sudoriferous gland?
help regulate the body temperature
The sebaceous gland produces ____________.
sebum (oil)
What is the function of sebum?
mix with sweat to form the acid mantle
On what area of the body would you not find any sebaceous glands?
on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet
Sweat or perspiration is excreted by what gland?
sudoriferous
The small openings onto the skin from the sudoriferous glands are called ______________.
pores
Sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands are referred to as ___________________.
duct glands
The excretion of perspiration from the skin is controlled by the _____________________.
nervous system
Control and regulation of body temperature by the sudoriferous glands helps maintain the body temperature at ______________.
98.6 degrees Farenheit
The greatest concentration of sudoriferous glands are found on the ______________________.
palms, soles, scalp, forehead, and underarms
The papillary canal takes oil (sebum) to the _________________.
surface of the skin
The subcutaneous layer of the skin is made up mostly of ___________________.
fatty cells
Nerve bundles in the subcutaneous tissue branch into the stratum granulosum layer and respond to ____________.
pain
What tans the skin to help protect it from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun?
melanin
Where is the layer of skin called the subcutaneous layer located?
below the dermis
Which layer of skin contains large blood vessels that transport nourishment to the skin?
subcutaneous
Almost 90% of the skin’s wrinkles are caused by _____________________.
excessive exposure to the sun
On the human body, the thinnest skin is located ______________.
on the eyelids
Light skin and dark skin differ in the __________________________.
rate and amount of melanin produced
Healthy skin has a pH of ______________ and is slightly ______________.
4.5 to 5.5; acidic
What is the technical name for the study of the causes of disease?
etiology
What is the technical term for the study of diseases?
pathology
Anticipating the most probable course a disease may follow is called ______________.
prognosis
How should a cosmetologist react if the client has a skin disease?
refer the client to a physician
Chronic is the term used to identify conditions that are ______________.
frequent and habitual
The term used to identify conditions that are brief and severe is __________________.
acute
A disease influenced by the weather is referred to as _______________.
seasonal
A disease that spreads by personal contact is known as _______________.
contagious
An allergic reaction to cosmetics or chemicals that cosmetologists may be susceptible to is called ____________________.
dermatitis venenata
An example of a subjective symptom would be __________________.
itching
A papule is an example of a ______________________.
primary skin lesion
______________ can be produced by contact with poison ivy.
Vesicles
What is the technical term for freckles?
macules
______________________ is the technical term for fever blisters.
Herpes simplex
Abnormal changes in the structure of organs or tissue are called primary, secondary and tertiary _______________.
lesions
A cyst is defined as ________________________.
abnormal membranous sac
A secondary lesion appearing as round, dry patches of skin covered with rough, silvery scales is called _________________.
psoriasis
A solid mass in the skin that could be soft or hard, fixed or freely movable and may be elevated or deep is called a ______________.
tumor
What may happen to the skin if an area is subject to pressure or friction over a period of time?
it may become callused
What type of skin lesion often occurs when skin loses its flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold, water, etc. and cracks appear in the skin?
fissure
The lesion found following the healing of an injury is called a(n) _____________.
scar
Verruca is a name given to a variety of ______________.
warts
Which of the following terms describes a keratoma?
a callus
What is the technical name for liver spots?
chloasma
What is another name for a stain in the skin caused by the dilation of the small blood vessels in the skin, also known as a birthmark?
naevus
What is the technical term for a decrease in the activity of melanocytes?
leukoderma
Melanotic sarcoma is a skin cancer that begins with _________.
a mole
Comedone is the technical name for ______________.
blackhead
Accumulations of hardened sebum beneath the skin are called whiteheads or __________.
milia
Acne can be found in two stages: acne ____________ and acne ______________.
simplex; vulgaris
What is a condition that is characterized by dry, scaly skin caused by a decreased production of sebum?
asteatosis
Which disorder is caused by excessive secretions of the sebaceous glands?
seborrhea
Acne most often occurs on _________________________.
the face, back and chest
Where doe a steatoma most often appear?
the scalp, neck and back
What is the definition of bromidrosis?
foul-smelling perspiration
What is the disorder that is an over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness?
hyperhidrosis
The lack of perspiration caused by fever or disease is called __________________.
anhidrosis
What is the professional action to be taken when a client with rosacea requests a facial service with you?
proceed with the service with approval of the client’s physician
Products that work to further cleanse the skin and return it to its normal pH include _____________________.
astringents and toners
Persons exposed to excessive heat may develop ____________________.
miliaria rubra
A term that is used to describe moisturizing is ________________.
hydrating
______________________ is a massage movement that involves light, gentle stroking or circular movements.
Effleurage
Apply pressure to motor points will ________________________ the nerves and muscles.
soothe and stimulate
The gentle massage movement that often begins and ends a massage treatment is ________________.
effleurage
If a client suffers from high blood pressure or has suffered a stroke or heart attack, massage movements should be ____________________________.
avoided since massage increases circulation
The massage manipulation that consists of light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles is called ________________.
petrissage
Which massage movement deeply stimulates the muscles, nerves, and skin glands?
petrissage
________________ is a circular deep muscle rubbing movement usually carried out with the fingertips or palms of the hands.
Friction
Areas of the skin that are diseased, broken, bruised or scraped ____________________.
should not be massaged
If the client is seeking a soothing massage, avoid ______________ movements.
tapotement
_________________ masks are heated, applied over gauze, and act to draw oil and perspiration from the top layer of the skin.
Paraffin
Diabetes, high blood pressure, pacemakers or metal implants are generally ________________ for skin care services.
contraindications
___________ should never be applied over a sunburn.
Wax
Why is it not recommended to wax lanugo hair?
skin may lose its softness
How do chemical depilatories remove unwanted hair?
by degrading the protein structure of the hair
Why will many clients have the opinion that shaved hair feels thicker after removal?
due to the blunt cutting effect of the razor
In what direction are eyebrow hairs to be removed?
in the direction of hair growth
What hair removal technique is available for clients who cannot tolerate hot wax treatments?
cold wax
How do you test the temperature of hot wax prior to applying it to your client?
test on the back of your hand
In what direction do you pull removal strips during hot wax treatments?
in the opposite direction of hair growth
What should be applied to the skin following the use of a wax depilatory?
a soothing lotion or toner
Inserting a single needle into a hair follicle for hair removal is called short-wave electrolysis, or _________________________.
thermolysis
What hair removal method remove the hair by decomposing the papilla?
Galvanic
Most corrective makeup and contouring is done to help the face appear ___________.
oval
What facial feature would accompany a heart shaped face?
wider forehead and narrower jaw
What colors seem to recede or diminish the appearance of facial features?
darker colors
What must be done before foundation makeup is applied?
skin must be cleansed, toned and moisturized
What is considered to be the most important product in makeup?
foundation
On what area of the face is a foundation tested for a color match?
jawline
Unless color correction in required, match the foundation to _____________.
natural skin tone
Why would the cosmetologist apply a lighter shade when performing corrective makeup?
to emphasize or highlight a facial area
Full face applications or two shade applications must be blended well to avoid _________________.
a line of demarcation
One method to make wide-set eyes appear closer together is ________________________.
extend the brows past the inner corner of the eyes
What benefits does the wearer receive from wearing mascara?
lengthens, thickens, and defines the lashes
Face powders come in ____________ shades to match foundations, and also in ____________ forms, which can be worn with any shade.
tinted; translucent
What type of blush blends well and is suitable for any skin type?
liquid
Facial powders are designed to _____________________.
set other makeup products so they last longer
What is involved in the service of eye tabbing?
applying individual lashes
Semi-permanent individual eyelashes are made of ______________.
synthetic fibers
Semi-permanent individual eyelashes last for a period of ____________________________.
6 to 8 weeks
Individual lashes do not adhere to lower lashes for as long as top ones because of __________________.
the body’s natural oils
Where in the course of a makeup application does applying lipstick usually occur?
last cosmetic to be applied
During the draping of your client for a makeup application, prepare the client by draping, positioning the chair, and ______________________.
putting a headband on client
