Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
______________ is the area of science involving the study of organs and systems of the body.
Anatomy
What there basic parts of cells are found in all human cells?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
The ___________ is the control center for cell activities.
nucleus
The outer surface of the cell that encloses the protoplasm is know as the _______________.
cell membrane
Most of the activities or production of the cell occur in the _______________
cytoplasm
Metabolism includes building up of larger molecules from smaller ones, breaking down of larger molecules or substances into smaller ones, and _____________________________
releasing energy to perform specific body functions
The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones is _________________.
anabolism
The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is called ________________.
catabolism
___________________ covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs.
Epithelial tissue
_______________ coordinates body functions and carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord.
Nerve tissue
A separate body structure composed of two or more cells of different tissues is a(n) _______________.
organ
A group of body structures that together perform one or more vital functions of the body is a(n) _____________.
system
The skin makes up the ______________ system.
integumentary
Which system is the physical foundation of the body?
Skeletal
The point at which two or more bones are joined together is called a(n) ___________.
joint
Osteology is the area of science that is the study of ____________.
bones
Bone is composed of 1/3 organic matter and 2/3 ____________.
mineral matter
Which body system has the function to give the body shape and strength?
Skeletal
The _______________ system has the function of surrounding and protecting internal organs.
skeletal
The _____________ bones form the crown and upper sides of the head.
parietal
The two bones located on either side of the head above the ears and below the parietal bones are the ___________.
temporal bones
What is the largest bone of the facial skeleton?
Mandible
The upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket are formed by the ________________ bones.
zygomatic
The seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column are called the __________________.
cervical vertabrae
The large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle is called the ______________.
scapula
The bone located on the little finger side of the lower forearm is the ____________.
ulna
The eight carpals held together with ligaments make up the ______________.
wrist
The five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand are the __________________.
metacarpals
_________________ is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles.
Myology
One function of the muscular system is to support the _______________ system.
skeletal
The muscles that respond to commands regulated by will are referred to as ______________.
striated
_______________ muscle responds automatically to control various body functions.
Non-striated
The non-moving portion of the muscle attached to bone or other fixed muscle is the ____________.
origin
_______________ contracts when stimulated to produce motion.
Muscle tissue
Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from ___________________.
insertion to origin
The ________________ is formed by two muscles called the frontalis and the occipitalis.
epicranius
The _________________ muscle controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward.
corrugator
The _______________ muscle circles the eye socket and closes the eyelid.
orbicularis oculi
The _______________ muscle is located between the eyebrows and is responsible for drawing down and wrinkling the area across the bridge of the nose.
procerus
The ________________ muscle circles the lips and is responsible for puckering and wrinkling the lips.
oris orbicularis
Which two muscles are used in coordination to perform mastication (chewing)?
temporalis and masseter
Drawing the head back, rotating the shoulder blades, and swinging the arms are functions controlled by the latissimus dorsi and the ________________.
trapezius
The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the ___________.
supinator
The muscle that bends the wrist and closes the fingers is the ______________.
flexor
The muscle that straightens the fingers and wrist is the ___________.
extensor
What nourishes the parts of the body not reached by blood?
Lymph
The heart muscle is entirely encased in a membrane called the ________________.
pericardium
The ______________ are the lower chambers of the heart.
ventricles
_________ is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nutrients and oxygen.
Blood
_______________ fight bacteria and other foreign substances, and are also called leukocytes.
White blood cells
The fluid part of the blood is called __________.
plasma
Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart are _____________.
arteries
____________ are dark red in color because they carry impure blood (blood carrying carbon dioxide) back from the capillaries to the heart.
Veins
_________________ supply blood to the face, head and neck.
Common carotid arteries
The occipital artery supplies blood to the _____________.
back of the head
Which artery supplied blood to the crown and sides of the head?
Parietal
The brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves make up the ________________________.
central nervous system
The __________ is the largest nerve tissue in the human body.
brain
The ______________ filter out toxic substances like bacteria, and add antibodies to the lymph fluid.
lymph nodes
The ____________ system may display localized swelling as a result of an infection.
lymph-vascular
The nervous system is made up of __________________.
the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system
The _________________ is located at the end of each axon and is responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell in the form of nerve impulses.
nerve terminal
Another name for a nerve cell is _____________.
neuron
The ___________ work in harmony to receive and interpret stimuli and send the resulting impulses to the appropriate tissues, muscles and organs.
brain, spinal cord and nerves
Which nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles?
efferent
The trifacial nerve is also known as the _________________________.
fifth cranial nerve
The cranial nerve responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain is the _____________.
trifacial or fifth cranial nerve
The primary motor nerve of the face is the _____________.
facial nerve
Which branch of the facial nerve extends to the upper muscles of the cheek?
Zygomatic
Which nerve extends to the muscles of the mouth?
Buccal
What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek?
Temporal
Which branch of the cervical nerve extends into the side and front of the neck to the breastbone?
Cervical cutaneous
Which nerve extends down the little finger side of the arm and into the palm of the hand?
Ulnar
Which nerve extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand?
Radial
The gastrointestinal system includes: _______________
pharynx, stomach, esophagus
Why is the respiratory system important to the functioning of the body?
Inhalation of oxygen
Breathing through the nose is healthier than breathing through the mouth because the nose ________________________.
contains mucus membranes that filter out dust and contaminants
Which system is comprised of glands that manufacture chemical substances called hormones?
Endocrine
