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MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

______________ is the area of science involving the study of organs and systems of the body.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

What there basic parts of cells are found in all human cells?

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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3
Q

The ___________ is the control center for cell activities.

A

nucleus

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4
Q

The outer surface of the cell that encloses the protoplasm is know as the _______________.

A

cell membrane

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5
Q

Most of the activities or production of the cell occur in the _______________

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

Metabolism includes building up of larger molecules from smaller ones, breaking down of larger molecules or substances into smaller ones, and _____________________________

A

releasing energy to perform specific body functions

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7
Q

The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones is _________________.

A

anabolism

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8
Q

The release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions is called ________________.

A

catabolism

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9
Q

___________________ covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs.

A

Epithelial tissue

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10
Q

_______________ coordinates body functions and carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord.

A

Nerve tissue

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11
Q

A separate body structure composed of two or more cells of different tissues is a(n) _______________.

A

organ

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12
Q

A group of body structures that together perform one or more vital functions of the body is a(n) _____________.

A

system

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13
Q

The skin makes up the ______________ system.

A

integumentary

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14
Q

Which system is the physical foundation of the body?

A

Skeletal

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15
Q

The point at which two or more bones are joined together is called a(n) ___________.

A

joint

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16
Q

Osteology is the area of science that is the study of ____________.

A

bones

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17
Q

Bone is composed of 1/3 organic matter and 2/3 ____________.

A

mineral matter

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18
Q

Which body system has the function to give the body shape and strength?

A

Skeletal

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19
Q

The _______________ system has the function of surrounding and protecting internal organs.

A

skeletal

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20
Q

The _____________ bones form the crown and upper sides of the head.

A

parietal

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21
Q

The two bones located on either side of the head above the ears and below the parietal bones are the ___________.

A

temporal bones

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22
Q

What is the largest bone of the facial skeleton?

A

Mandible

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23
Q

The upper cheek and bottom of the eye socket are formed by the ________________ bones.

A

zygomatic

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24
Q

The seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column are called the __________________.

A

cervical vertabrae

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25
Q

The large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle is called the ______________.

A

scapula

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26
Q

The bone located on the little finger side of the lower forearm is the ____________.

A

ulna

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27
Q

The eight carpals held together with ligaments make up the ______________.

A

wrist

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28
Q

The five long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand are the __________________.

A

metacarpals

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29
Q

_________________ is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles.

A

Myology

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30
Q

One function of the muscular system is to support the _______________ system.

A

skeletal

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31
Q

The muscles that respond to commands regulated by will are referred to as ______________.

A

striated

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32
Q

_______________ muscle responds automatically to control various body functions.

A

Non-striated

33
Q

The non-moving portion of the muscle attached to bone or other fixed muscle is the ____________.

A

origin

34
Q

_______________ contracts when stimulated to produce motion.

A

Muscle tissue

35
Q

Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from ___________________.

A

insertion to origin

36
Q

The ________________ is formed by two muscles called the frontalis and the occipitalis.

A

epicranius

37
Q

The _________________ muscle controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward.

A

corrugator

38
Q

The _______________ muscle circles the eye socket and closes the eyelid.

A

orbicularis oculi

39
Q

The _______________ muscle is located between the eyebrows and is responsible for drawing down and wrinkling the area across the bridge of the nose.

A

procerus

40
Q

The ________________ muscle circles the lips and is responsible for puckering and wrinkling the lips.

A

oris orbicularis

41
Q

Which two muscles are used in coordination to perform mastication (chewing)?

A

temporalis and masseter

42
Q

Drawing the head back, rotating the shoulder blades, and swinging the arms are functions controlled by the latissimus dorsi and the ________________.

A

trapezius

43
Q

The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the ___________.

A

supinator

44
Q

The muscle that bends the wrist and closes the fingers is the ______________.

A

flexor

45
Q

The muscle that straightens the fingers and wrist is the ___________.

A

extensor

46
Q

What nourishes the parts of the body not reached by blood?

A

Lymph

47
Q

The heart muscle is entirely encased in a membrane called the ________________.

A

pericardium

48
Q

The ______________ are the lower chambers of the heart.

A

ventricles

49
Q

_________ is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body, bringing nutrients and oxygen.

A

Blood

50
Q

_______________ fight bacteria and other foreign substances, and are also called leukocytes.

A

White blood cells

51
Q

The fluid part of the blood is called __________.

A

plasma

52
Q

Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart are _____________.

A

arteries

53
Q

____________ are dark red in color because they carry impure blood (blood carrying carbon dioxide) back from the capillaries to the heart.

A

Veins

54
Q

_________________ supply blood to the face, head and neck.

A

Common carotid arteries

55
Q

The occipital artery supplies blood to the _____________.

A

back of the head

56
Q

Which artery supplied blood to the crown and sides of the head?

A

Parietal

57
Q

The brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves make up the ________________________.

A

central nervous system

58
Q

The __________ is the largest nerve tissue in the human body.

A

brain

59
Q

The ______________ filter out toxic substances like bacteria, and add antibodies to the lymph fluid.

A

lymph nodes

60
Q

The ____________ system may display localized swelling as a result of an infection.

A

lymph-vascular

61
Q

The nervous system is made up of __________________.

A

the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system

62
Q

The _________________ is located at the end of each axon and is responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell in the form of nerve impulses.

A

nerve terminal

63
Q

Another name for a nerve cell is _____________.

A

neuron

64
Q

The ___________ work in harmony to receive and interpret stimuli and send the resulting impulses to the appropriate tissues, muscles and organs.

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves

65
Q

Which nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles?

A

efferent

66
Q

The trifacial nerve is also known as the _________________________.

A

fifth cranial nerve

67
Q

The cranial nerve responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain is the _____________.

A

trifacial or fifth cranial nerve

68
Q

The primary motor nerve of the face is the _____________.

A

facial nerve

69
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve extends to the upper muscles of the cheek?

A

Zygomatic

70
Q

Which nerve extends to the muscles of the mouth?

A

Buccal

71
Q

What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek?

A

Temporal

72
Q

Which branch of the cervical nerve extends into the side and front of the neck to the breastbone?

A

Cervical cutaneous

73
Q

Which nerve extends down the little finger side of the arm and into the palm of the hand?

A

Ulnar

74
Q

Which nerve extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand?

A

Radial

75
Q

The gastrointestinal system includes: _______________

A

pharynx, stomach, esophagus

76
Q

Why is the respiratory system important to the functioning of the body?

A

Inhalation of oxygen

77
Q

Breathing through the nose is healthier than breathing through the mouth because the nose ________________________.

A

contains mucus membranes that filter out dust and contaminants

78
Q

Which system is comprised of glands that manufacture chemical substances called hormones?

A

Endocrine

MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep (14 decks)

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