MN State Cosmetology Boards Exam Prep Mixed Questions Flashcards
_______________ is the study and science of beauty care.
Cosmetology
A healthy mind and body, effective ____________, and human ________________ play a part in a commitment to success.
communication
relations
_____________ can be prevented by rest and relaxation.
Fatigue
Most people need ____________ hours of sleep or they become ______________ and can’t _____________ properly.
6-8 hours
fatigued
function
Keeping muscles toned, organs working properly, and equipping the body to better cope with stressful situations are all benefits of _______________.
exercise
Avoid getting caught up in worry and fear by controlling thoughts and _____________.
emotions
A balanced diet will benefit personal and professional well-being and prevent certain ______________.
diseases
The energy in food is measured in ____________.
calories
Health hazards such as impure air and improper storage and use of food fall under the category of ___________ _____________.
public hygiene
_________________ _______________ is an individual’s system of maintaining cleanliness and health.
Personal hygiene
____________ ______________ is maintaining healthy teeth and keeping the breath fresh.
Oral hygiene
To maintain clean and healthy hair, a salon professional should follow a daily __________ __________ program.
hair care
When applying makeup, contouring with ___________ colors will have a broadening effect on the face.
lighr
Contouring with ___________ colors during makeup application will create a narrow appearance of the face.
dark
__________, broad heels are recommended, as you will be spending a great deal of time on your feet.
Low
Wearing ____________ clothing and shoes, current trends, and flattering personal styles are ways a cosmetologist should dress for success.
clean
Keeping the abdomen flat, the chin level, and the head up are key to having good _____________.
posture
When ____________, it is important to sit well back in the chair.
sitting
______________ is the science that looks at how work is performed and what body movements, tools, and equipment benefit the cosmetologist and client.
Ergonomics
Working with your back straight, using free-standing shampoo bowls, and adjusting the height of the client’s chair will help prevent __________ and ____________ strain.
neck
back
____________ feet during breaks is a preventive measure for helping alleviate foot and leg problems.
Raising
Adjusting the height of the chair so that when you work on a client, your arms are close to your sides is a recommendation to prevent _______________ problems.
shoulder
In order to completely understand and interpret the client’s needs, it is important to practice ______________ communication.
two-way
____________ _____________ means repeating back in your own words what a client just stated.
Reflective listening
If a client insists on using a color treatment that is not flattering for his or her complexion, the cosmetologist should respond using ________.
tact
___________ ____________ help to communicate hairstyles that would best suit a client.
Style books
Long hours of standing, high consumer expectations,and the need to increase the pace of work may lead to __________.
stress
Talking with other clients about a hard to deal with client displays a __________ attitude.
negative
_____________ involves thoughtfulness of others.
Courtesy
Two key words to focus on to improve teamwork are ____________ and ______________.
consideration
cooperation
An individual’s personal system of moral principles and values is part of personal ___________.
ethics
Values, personality, and moral principles are attributes of _____________ ____________.
personal ethics
Proper conduct in relationships with an employer, co-workers, and clients is known as ____________ _____________.
professional ethics
Adherence to a professional code of ethics reflects an individual’s ____________.
integrity
Responsibilities found in the __________ ________ of ___________ include: being fair and courteous to co-workers, being loyal to the employer and co-workers, and showing respect for the rights and feelings of others.
professional code of ethics
_________________ is the study of bacteria.
Bacteriology
__________ means the same as germ, or bacteria.
Microbe
Nonpathogenic bacterial cells are ___________ and can be ____________ to humans.
harmless
beneficial
______________ are nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter.
Saprophytes
_____________ bacterial cells may be harmful to the body.
Pathogenic
_____________ bacteria cause disease, infection, and some produce toxins.
Pathogenic
A disease that is easily spread from one person to another is referred to as ______________.
communicable
The common cold, hepatitis, and measles are all considered _______________.
communicable
Spherical-shaped bacterial cells are known as __________.
cocci
___________________ are pus-forming bacterial cells that form in long chains, and which cause blood poisoning.
Streptococci
Rod-shaped cells are known as ______________.
bacilli
_____________ are coiled, corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells.
Spirilla.
__________________ cause Lyme disease.
Spirilla
Bacteria or ___________ cannot enter the the body through healthy skin.
viruses
Bacterial cells grow and ____________ to form two new cells.
divide
When in the _____________ _____________ stage, bacteria are not harmed by disinfectants.
spore-forming
During the ____________ stage, bacterial cells may die, become dormant, or form spore.
inactive
_____________ or cilia are the hair-like projections used by bacteria to provide movement.
Flagella
The common cold is caused by a ____________ virus.
filterable
Tuberculosis is caused by a virus. (True or False)
False
Human Hepatitis B (HBV) is a highly infectious disease that infects the ___________.
liver
Human Immonodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes the ____________ system to break down.
immune
Human Immonodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be transferred by blood, semen, or other ____________ ____________.
bodily fluids
_____________ _____________ are organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism.
External parasites
Fungi, bacteria, and mites are examples of _____________.
contagions
___________________ is another name for head lice.
Pediculosis
Syphillis is a ____________ _____________ that affects the whole body.
general infection
___________ _____________, such as disinfecting salon equipment, are procedures used with all clients.
Universal precautions
______________________ is the body’s ability to destroy infectious agents.
Immunity
Infection control is divided into three categories: _______________, _____________, and _____________.
sanitation
disinfection
sterilization
______________ is a product that can be applied to the skin to reduce microbes.
Antiseptic
Washing your hands is an example of ________________.
sanitation
Cosmetologists should wash their hands with warm water and liquid soap _____________ starting a service with the client.
before
Towels/linens should be ______________ after each use.
laundered
A __________________ is acceptable to use on tools and styling implements, but not on the hair, skin, or nails.
disinfectant
_________________ are disinfectants used to kill viruses.
Virucidals
_____________ is the agency under the Department of Labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace.
OSHA
____________ provides key information on products regarding ingredients, associated hazards, combustion levels, and proper storage.
MSDS
The 2001 OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen standard requires the use of a(n) ____________ ______________ disinfectant with an efficacy against HIV and HBV or tuberculociadal.
EPA-registered
Disinfectants are used to destroy or kill bacteria and some viruses, but not _____________.
spores
An EPA registration number is given to a product to ensure it is __________ and _____________ when used according to manufacturer’s directions.
safe
effective
Implements must be thoroughly ____________ before immersion in disinfectant.
cleaned
When disinfecting a brush, remove ____________, wash with _______, ___________ _____________, and immerse in a _______________.
hair
hot, soapy water
disinfectant
Store disinfected implements in a clean, disinfected and _____________ container.
covered
Any implements that come into contact with the client must be _____________ or ______________.
disinfected
discarded
Combs and brushes should be ______________ after each use.
disinfected
Solution in disinfectant containers should be changed _________________________.
according to manufacturer’s directions
____________ all containers storing disinfectants.
Label
When handling disinfectants, it is important to wear __________, avoid ____________ fumes, and contact with the ____________.
gloves
inhaling
eyes
Use forceps or ____________ to remove implements from disinfectant.
tongs
The process referred to as “double-bagging” is performed when a _____________ spill occurs.
blood
Double-bag all blood-soiled articles and label the bag as ___________ ______________.
hazardous waste
If a surface is free from dirt, oil, and/or microbes, it has been _________________.
decontaminated
Disinfectants are effective when stored in a __________, ____________ space.
cool
dry
Electrolysis services require the _______________ of implements following services.
sterilization
Tools and instruments used to puncture the skin must be __________________, or be designed to be __________.
sterilized
disposable
Sterilization requires the use of a liquid sterilant and/or moist or dry _____________.
heat
______________ is the lowest level of infection control.
Sanitation
After the bleeding stops when performing first aid, the next step is to apply the _______________.
bandage
Determine if the victim can __________ or ___________ FIRST when it is believed a person may be choking.
speak
cough
Light, heat, chemical, and magnetic changes are all produced by ______________.
electricity
Material that best transports electricity is a _____________.
conductor
Silver and copper ____________ electricity, and are conductors.
transmit
Material such as glass, rubber, or paper wrapped around a conductor that does not allow current to pass through it is called a(n) ___________________.
insulator
Alcohol allows a current to pass through it. (True or False)
False
A unit of electrical ______________ is called an ampere.
strength
One ampere equals ____________ milliamperes.
one thousand
A volt is a unit of electrical _____________.
pressure
A unit of electrical _____________ is called an ohm.
resistance
A watt is a unit to measure how much energy is ____________.
being used
A constant electrical current flowing in one direction is called a(n) ____________ ______________.
direct current
A ______________ _________________ breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs.
circuit breaker
When a person comes into contact with an electrical current, do NOT touch a person to ground the circuit. (True or False)
True
The application of special currents or modalities that have a variety of effects on the skin is called _____________.
electrotherapy
An electrode is used to bring ____________ from the appliance to the client’s skin during an electrotherapy procedure.
current
The direct current used in electrotherapy treatments is ________________.
Galvanic
The negatively charged electrode used in electrotherapy is known as a(n) ________________.
cathode
A negative electrode pole used during Galvanic current electrotherapy treatment will temporarily ___________ a client’s blood flow.
increase
Softening of tissue is NOT a temporary effect of the positive pole of Galvanic current. (True or False)
True
_____________________ causes sebum to be broken down or blackheads to be liquefied, as in deep-pore cleaning.
Desincrustation
Galvanic current CAN be used on clients with broken capillaries. (True or False)
False
_____________ ____________ is used primarily to cause muscle contractions.
Faradic current
____________, a high frequency current, is known as the violet ray.
Tesla
High frequency and ___________ current are characteristics of a Tesla electrotherapy treatment.
alternating
High frequency is an alternating current that can be adjusted to different voltage to produce _______.
heat
____________ ____________ utilizes Tesla current while the client holds the activated electrode and the cosmetologist manually stimulates the area being treated.
Indirect application
Slightly separating the electrode from the skin with product a mild, ____________ sensation during the use of a high frequency current.
stimulating
Treatment with light rays is called ___________ _____________.
light therapy
____________ rays have longer wavelengths than x-rays, visible light, or ultraviolet rays.
Infrared
Combination light can be broken down into its individual ___________ ____________ by a prism.
wave lengths
______________ light closely mimics natural sunlight.
Incandescent
Pure heat rays are produced by _____________ rays.
infrared
Increased _____________ is a benefit of using infrared light during a facial.
circulation
The average distance you should place an infrared lamp during a facial is about _____________ inches.
30
Ultraviolet rays are also known as ___________ rays.
actinic
Small doses of _______________ will tan the skin.
UV light
Small doses of ultraviolet light may help the body produce _______________.
Vitamin D
____________ that cause skin infections can be killed by ultraviolet light.
Bacteria
Before using ultraviolet light on a client, the skin or scalp should be ______________.
cleansed
___________ is the study of the organs and systems of the body.
Anatomy
The __________, _____________, and __________ _____________ are the three basic parts of a cell.
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
The control center of cell activities is the _________.
nucleus
The outer surface of the cell, which encloses the protoplasm, is known as the _______ __________.
cell membrane
Most of the activities or production of the cell takes place in the ___________.
cytoplasm
Building up larger molecules from smaller ones, releasing energy to perform specific body functions, and breaking down of larger molecules or substances into smaller ones are examples of _____________.
metabolism
________________ is the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
Anabolism
______________ is the release of energy within a cell necessary for the performance of specific body functions.
Catabolism
______________ tissue covers and protects the body surface and internal organs.
Epithelial
___________ tissue coordinates body functions, in addition to carrying messages to and from the brain and spinal cord.
Nerve
A separate body structure composed of two or more cells of different tissues is a(n) ___________.
organ
A group of body structures that, together, perform one or more vital functions of the body is a(n) ___________.
system
The skin makes up the _______________ system.
integumentary
The ____________ system is the physical foundation of the body.
skeletal
The point at which two or more bones are joined together is called a(n) _____________.
joint
________________ is the study of bones.
Osteology
The technical term for bone is _______.
os
Long bones are found in the _________ and the __________.
arms
legs
Bone is the hardest structure in the body, and is composed of _______ organic matter, and _______ mineral matter.
1/3
2/3
Functions of the skeletal system include:
allowing the body movement
protecting internal organs
providing a frame to which the muscles can attach
The ________ system gives the body its strength and shape.
skeletal
The skeletal system has the function of surrounding and protecting _________ ____________.
internal organs
The frontal, occipital, and temporal are all bones of the ____________.
cranium
The ___________ bone is more affected by a scalp massage the the ethmoid, sphemoid, of phalanges.
frontal
The ___________ bones form the crown and upper sides of the head.
parietal
The ____________ bones are located on either side of the head, above the ear and below the parietal.
temporal
The _____________ is the largest bone of the facial skeleton.
mandible
The upper cheek and bottom eye socket are formed by the ____________, also called malar.
zygomatic
The ________________ bones are the smallest bones of the facial skeleton, and form the front part of the inner, bottom wall of the eye socket.
lacrimal
The ________ bones that form the top part of the spinal column are the _________ vertebrae.
seven
cervical
The large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attached to the clavicle is the ____________.
scapula
The bone located on the little finger side of the lower forearm is the ________.
ulna
The eight ____________, held together with ligaments, form the wrist.
carpals
The ____________ are five long, thin bones that form the _______ of the hand.
metacarpals
palm
_____________ is the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles.
Myology
One function of the muscular system is supporting the ___________ system.
skeletal
______________ muscles respond to commands regulated by will.
Striated
The ______________ or non-striated muscles respond automatically to control the various body functions, including functions of internal organs.
involuntary
The non-moving portion of the muscle attached to bone or other fixed muscle is the _____________.
origin
Muscle tissue contracts when stimulated to produce ___________.
motion
Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the ___________ to the _____________.
insertion
origin
The epicranius is formed by two muscles called the ___________ and _____________.
frontalis
occipitalis
The _______________ controls the eyebrows by drawing them in and downward.
corrugator
The _____________ ___________ muscle circles the eye socket and closes the eyelid.
orbicularis oculi
The _____________ ____________ circles the mouth and is responsible for puckering and wrinkling lips.
oris orbicularis
The muscle that allows raising and lowering of the head (nodding) is the ______________ _______________.
sternocleido mastoideus
The ___________ and ___________ _________ draw the head back, rotate the shoulder blades, and control the swing of the arms.
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
The ______________ muscle turns the palm of the hand up.
supinator
The ___________ muscle bends the wrist and closes the fingers.
flexor
The ____________ muscle straightens the fingers and wrist.
extensor
The _____________ system is directly influenced and stimulated when a cosmetologist performs a massage manipulation.
circulatory
The main function of _________ is to reach the parts of the body not reached by blood.
lymph
The __________ muscle is completely encased in a membrane called the pericardium.
heart
The lower chambers of the heart are the right and left _________.
ventricle
_____________ is the sticky, salty fluid that circulates through the body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all the body parts.
Blood
Cells that fight bacteria and other foreign substances are called ____________ or white blood cells.
leukocytes
__________ is the fluid part of the blood.
Plasma
Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart are _________.
arteries
__________ are dark in color because they carry impure blood (blood containing carbon dioxide) back from the capillaries to the heart.
Veins
The ________ __________ __________ supply blood to the face, head, and neck.
common carotid arteries
The _____________ artery supplies blood to the back of the head.
occipital
The external _____________ supplies the lower portion of the face, including the mouth and nose, with blood.
maxillary
The ___________ artery supplies the sides of the nose with blood.
angular
The brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves make up the __________ _________ ____________.
central nervous system
The ________ is the largest nerve tissue in the human body.
brain
_________ nodes filter out toxic substances like bacteria, and add antibodies to the lymph fluid.
Lymph
The __________-___________ system may display localized swelling as a result of an infection
lymph-vascular
The _________ system is made up of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system.
nervous
The ________ terminal is located at the end of each axon and is responsible for sending messages away from the nerve cell.
nerve
Another name for a nerve cell is a _________.
neuron
_________ nerves carry messages from the brain to the muscles.
Efferent
The primary motor nerve of the face is the __________ nerve.
facial
The ___________ nerve is also known as the fifth cranial nerve. It transmits facial sensations to the _____________.
trifacial
brain
Stimulation of sensitive nerve tissues during a facial massage helps make tight, fatigued muscles become more ____________.
relaxed
The pharynx, stomach, and esophagus are included in the ____________ system.
gastrointestinal
The _____________ system is responsible for the inhalation of __________.
respiratory
oxygen
Breathing through the nose is more healthy because the nose contains mucus membranes that filter out _________.
dust
The _____________ system is comprised of glands that manufacture chemical substances called hormones.
endocrine
________ is the term that identifies anything that occupies space.
Matter
Performing a haircut, shattering a piece of glass, and performing thermal styling are all examples of _________ changes.
physical
All matter is composed of _______.
atoms
All matter that is living or was once living contains ___________, and deals with ____________ chemistry.
carbon
organic
Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called ___________.
elements
Atoms that are the same form a(n) ________.
element
Two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n) ___________.
molecule
When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is water, which is a(n) _______________.
compound
___________, ______________, _______________, and ______________ form the basis of amino acids.
Carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen
Amino acids join together in chains to become ___________.
protiens
Hair is primarily composed of _________.
keratin
A ___________ bond can easily be broken by heat or water.
hydrogen
________ _________ help organize the protein chains found within the hair.
Side bonds
The ___________ bond is of the greatest concern to a cosmetologist.
disulfide
An acidic solution has _________ positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions.
more
A pH of 5 is ________ times more acidic than a pH of 6.
ten
Solutions with equal hydrogen and hydroxide ions are __________.
neutral
The pH scale ranges from _________ to ___________.
0 - 14
Distilled water has a pH of _______, is considered to be ___________. Water is also known as the _____________ __________.
7
neutral
universal solvent
The pH of hair and skin is in the range of __________ to _________.
4.5 - 5.5
A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules evenly dispersed would be a _______________.
solution
A ___________ is a substance that is able to dissolve another substance.
solvent
Mixtures of organic substances and medicinal agents are _____________.
ointments
When tow or more non-miscible substances are united with the help of a binder, the result is a(n) ________________.
emulsion
If instructions on a product require you to shake well to mix prior to use, it is most likely a(n) _______________.
suspension
Mixtures of _______ and _________ converted to fatty acids by heat, then purified, are soaps.
fats
oils
Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the hair or scalp is called _____________.
shampooing
The primary ingredient of most shampoo is deionized ________.
water
_____________ contain a lipophilic and a hydrophilic part, and are used to remove oil from the hair.
Surfactants
Water that contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium, and other metals is classified as ________ __________.
hard water
____________ is the name given to purifying water by passing it through a porous substance.
Filtration
_______-_________ shampoos are formulated to have the same pH as the hair and skin.
Acid-balanced
___________ shampoos are often more alkaline, in order to be able to remove residue such as product build-up or dirt.
Clarifying
________ shampoo is recommended for a person who is bedridden.
Dry
___________ shampoo is designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders.
Medicated
Using __________ would help achieve the results of fortifying damaged areas, altering the way the hair behaves, and protecting against further damage.
conditioner
The main ingredient in most neutralizers is ___________ ____________.
hydrogen peroxide
Permanent hair color molecules enter the hair with the aid of a(n) __________ substance, which lifts the cuticle.
alkaline
During ____________, a substance loses an electron, and oxygen is acquired.
oxidation
Oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, have the ability to release _________.
oxygen
A permanent hair color procedure is classified as a chemical change. (True or False)
True
Ammonia, a colorless gas with a strong odor, is composed of ___________ and ___________.
hydrogen
nitrogen
To test the potency of hydrogen peroxide, use a(n) ______________.
hydrometer
The foundation of every haircut is ________.
form
____________lines create a feeling of weight, and stability.
Horizontal
___________ lines create the illusion of movement.
Diagonal
To create a blunt, one length haircut, elevate the hair to ________ degrees.
0
A uniformly layered cut has a circular shape, with the hair held at _________ elevation.
90 degrees
To achieve graduated layers, elevate the hair to ___________.
45 degrees
_____________ create a clean, blunt edge.
Shears
___________ cutting creates a tapering at the end of each strand, producing a somewhat diffused form line.
Razor
The ___________ finger should be placed in the finger grip to control the still blade when holding shears.
ring
The moveable blade of the shears is controlled by the ___________.
thumb
To hold the comb and shears in the same hand (palming the shears), release the _________ grip and close the palm over the shears.
thumb
______________ shears are used to remove bulk.
Thinning
The ___________ attachment on clippers allows you to cut all the hair to an exact length.
guard
To outline and refine the hairline, an ___________ or _________ is used.
trimmer
edger
As it cuts hair, the moveable blade of the clippers moves ___________.
side to side
A ___________ comb helps control short perimeter lengths when cutting against the skin.
barber
The area all around the hairline is referred to as the _____________.
perimeter
The ________ is the highest point on the head.
apex
___________ describes dividing the head into workable areas for the purpose of control.
Sectioning
The _____________ head position achieves the most natural looking line when cutting hair.
upright
Cutting hair in the tilted forward position results in an inclination, or a slight _____________ effect.
graduated
____________ or _____________ is the angle at which the hair is held in relation to the curve of the head prior to cutting.
Elevation
projection
Elevating the hair below ________ builds weight; above _________ removes weight.
90%
90%
A ___________ line is an artistic guideline used when cutting hair.
design
A ____________ design line is a guide to where all lengths are directed.
stationary
________-__________ uses the opposite parting pattern used to cut the hair to ensure balance and accuracy.
Cross-checking
A design line used as a length guide for cutting graduated, layered, and square forms is referred to as _____________ or ____________.
traveling
mobile
Cutting shorter lengths within the form to reduce bulk and create support and mobility is _____________.
texturizing
______________ reduces bulk without shortening the overall length appearance of the hair.
Texturizing
Coarse hair should be texturized ____________ from the scalp.
farther
Very curly hair should be texturized when _______ to allow for greater control.
dry
Allow ____________ __________ to accommodate growth patterns such as cowlicks, whorls, and widow’s peaks.
additional length
Infection control procedures call for sweeping and disposing of hair _________ performing a blow dry service.
before
The process of combing wet hair into the desired position is called _____________.
shaping
The ___________ of the tool or pincurl will determine the size of the curl.
diameter
The _________ __________ is the section of hair on which a roller, thermal iron, or round brush is placed.
curl base
The ___________ is the hair between the scalp and the first turn of the hair around the roller, thermal iron, or round brush.
stem
The ___________ is the part of a curl positioned around the roller, thermal iron, or round brush.
circle
The combination of the size of the base and the position of the curl in relation to the base is called __________ ___________.
base control
The base control used within the hairstyle affects the amount of closeness or ____________.
volume
_______ _______ or ______ _______ base control results in the most volume and strongest curl.
On base
full base
Holding the hair 90% degrees from the center of the base and rolling it to sit on the bottom of the parting results in ________ ________ control.
half base
When the tool sits below the bottom parting of the base, ________ ________ control is being used.
off base
_____________ uses a comb to push back the shorter lengths of hair toward the base the create a cushion and add volume to the hairstyle.
Backcombing
An all-purpose ___________ comb has closely set teeth and creates a smooth surface as it is being used.
styling
___________ is a hairstyling product that adds shine and weight to the hair.
Pomade
Styling _________ is of liquid consistency and supports volume and movement.
lotion
Safety guidelines require the ________ _________ of a blow dryer be free from debris.
air intake
Before combing or brushing hair that has been curled with an iron, ensure that the hair is completely _________.
cool
When using a stove heated iron, test the temperature on ________ _________.
light paper
A _____________ is a blow dryer attachment that focuses the air flow to a small area.
concentrator
Loss of elasticity or split ends may be caused by excessive _______ __________.
blow drying
Keep the blow dryer’s airflow pointing _________ the hair strand.
down
The blow dryer should be held ______ to _______ inches from the hair.
3” - 5”
Using a smaller brush when hairstyling results in a ________ style.
curlier
_____________ temporarily straightens the hair.
Pressing
Hair pressing lasts until _______________.
the next shampoo
Burned hair CAN be reconditioned. (True or False)
False
Pressing combs are made of _______________ or ___________ __________.
brass
stainless steel
____________ will help determine the temperature used when pressing hair.
Texture
Fine hair requires _________ heat to press than coarse hair.
less
Thermal irons were first introduced by __________ _____________.
Marcel Grateau
An electric curling iron contains a ______________ which keeps the heating element at a consistent temperature.
thermostat
The temperature of the iron is determined by the client’s hair _________ and ___________.
condition
texture
When performing a spiral technique, position the iron _____________ at the base.
vertically
Chemically processed hair generally requires ________ heat and ________ time in contact with the iron.
less
less
_____________ may result from pressing the hair too often.
Breakage
Thermal iron procedures are only performed on ________ hair.
dry
Use a comb made of _______________ material, such as hard __________ with a curling iron.
non-flammable
rubber
_____________ ends happen when the ends of the hair protrude over the iron.
Fishhook
A ______________ is created by two complete oblong shapes that are joined by a connecting ridge.
Fingerwave
The three parts of a pincurl are: ___________, ___________, and __________.
base
stem
circle
Using a pincurl with a closed circle will create a _______ and __________ wave.
smaller
stronger
A pincurl with a(n) ___________ circle produces a wider wave pattern with uniform curls.
open
________ pincurls would be chosen to obtain closeness in a hairstyle.
Flat
__________ curls are large, stand-up pincurls, achieving a similar effect to hair wound around a roller, but resulting in weaker volume.
Barrel
The shape of the _________ within pincurls is used to avoid splits in the finished hairstyle.
base
The most common pincurl base shapes are: ________, _________, _________, or ________.
square
triangle
rectangle
arc
An oblong shaping followed by a row of pincurls is called a ________ curl.
ridge
A __________ wave creates a strong wave pattern.
skip
Backbrushing is also called ___________.
ruffing
Hair for wigs comes from ________, ___________, and ____________.
Asia
India
Europe
__________ hair wigs are generally the most expensive.
Eurpean
Generally, hair from ________ is wavy; hair from ________ is straight.
India
Asia
When undergoing a match test, human hair strands will burn _________ with a ___________ odor.
slowly
strong
Wigs made of human hair need to be cleaned every ______ to ______ weeks if worn frequently.
2 - 4
_____________ hairpieces allow the client’s hair to be used for blending purposes.
Integration
The method of attaching hair fiber to the client’s hair using a special adhesive is known as _____________.
bonding
___________ is a technique that uses a bonding agent activated by heat to affix loose hair fiber to small sections of the client’s own hair.
Fusion
_____________ is joined with ammonia to create a waving lotion in an alkaline wave.
Thoioglycolate
The main ingredient found in an acid wave is __________ ______________.
glycerol monothioglycolate
The chemical phase of perming involves three steps:
- Applying perm solution
- Rinsing perm solution
- Applying neutralizer
___________ rods create a wider and more spiraling pattern on the ends.
Concave
Proper _______ _________ techniques will eliminate crimps or fishhooks on the ends of the hair.
end paper
The __________ technique utilizes one end paper folded in half.
bookend
The _______ _________ end paper technique allows the greatest control for hair of varying lengths.
double flat
Water left in the end papers after rinsing causes the neutralizer to ___________ and curl formation to weaken.
dilute
______ _________ control is not recommended for alkaline perms since expansion is limited at the base and tension may cause breakage.
On base
In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically softens and breaks the strong ___________ __________.
disulfide bonds
Acid waves use _______ along with tension and perm solution to perform the processing action.
heat
Sodium bromate, sodium perborate, and _________ ___________ are the main ingredients found in most neutralizers.
hydrogen peroxide
The _____________ rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds as well as reduces the swelling caused by the alkalinity.
neutralizer
Alkaline waves have a pH between ________ and __________.
8.0 - 9.5
Alkaline perms produce _______ processing times and ___________ curl.
faster
stronger
____________, ______________, and ____________ determine the processing time and proper perm solution.
texture
elasticity
porosity
Protective _________ is applied to the client’s hairline prior to a perm service.
cream
If perm solution comes into contact with the client’s eyes, rinse thoroughly with __________ __________.
cool water
If ___________ _________ are present during a perm service, the results could include uneven curls, discoloration, and hair breakage.
metallic salts
Weak or limp curls are most often caused by _______________.
underprocessing
Which bone forms the forehead?
Frontal bone
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body or its systems or organs that make the body incapable of carrying on normal function.
Disease
Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a more ___________ solution than those on hair with high porosity.
Alkaline
_______________ ______________ involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen.
Reduction reaction
Alkaline waves, also known as ______________, have a pH between ______ and ______, and process without the addition of __________.
cold waves9.0 - 9.6heat
Exothermic waves do not need ____________ to process. Endothermic waves need an _________ __________ ________.
heatoutside heat source
The strength of any permanent wave is based on the concentration of its ___________ ___________.
reducing agent
Autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be attacked by a person’s own immune system.
Alopecia areata
Technical term for split ends.
Trichoptilosis
Comb used for close tapers in the scissors-over-comb technique.
Barber comb
Technique of cutting below the fingers or inside the knuckles using a horizontal cutting line creates _______________.
Uniform or increasing layers
Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection.
Infectious
Skin that lacks lipids and that does not produce enough sebum is ___________.
alipidic
Enzyme peels, also known as keratolytic enzymes, are a type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving ___________ ___________ in the surface cells of the skin.
keratin proteins
Dry hair and scalp can be caused by inactive _________ glands.
sebaceous
True or false: Scalp treatments may be performed before or during the shampoo.
True
Chemically treated hair may require a product that is _____________ harsh and more conditioning.
less
The amount of ______________ in a solution is measured on a pH scale.
hydrogen (potential hydrogen)
An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly.
Perfectionism
Capable of destroying bacteria.
Bactericidal
Capable of destroying fungi.
Fungicidal
Disease that is spread from one person to another person.
Contagious disease
A chemical process that takes place in living organisms, whereby cells are nourished and carry out their activities.
Cell metabolism
Serves to support, protect, and bind together tissues of the body.
Connective tissue
All of the protoplasm that surrounds the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
Central nervous system
A virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and that resembles small black dots, usually clustered in groups.
Human papilloma virus (HPV), or “plantar warts”
Arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck.
Common carotid arteries
Muscle located beneath the frontalis that draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
Corrugator muscle
Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood.
Endocrine glands
These curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect.
Rectangular base curls
Which type of curls are suitable for curly hairstyles without much volume or lift, can be used on any part of the head, and will comb out with lasting results?
Square based pin curls
Groups of organs acting together to perform one or more functions.
Body systems
Membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body.
Epithelial tissue
Muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead.
Frontalis
When cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line, the best way to maintain control of the subsection is the cut ________________.
palm-to-palm
The four standard reference points of the head are:
earsjawlineoccipital boneapex
The number of individual hair strands on one square inch of scalp averages _____________. This determines hair _____________.
2,200 per square inchdensity
To create curls using rollers, the hair should be wrapped around the rollers how many times?
2 1/2 times
When referring to scalp tension, the scalp can be either _________, ________, or __________.
normalflexibletight
___________ curls produce waves that get smaller toward the ends of the hair shaft.
Closed-center curls
Half-round, rubber-based brush.
Classic styling brush
Generally oval, containing a mixture of boar and nylon bristles.
Grooming brush
Abnormal hair loss is called ___________.
alopecea
Era that introduced essential oils.
Middle Ages
Technical term for knotted hair.
Trichorrhexis nodosa
During the Middle Ages, women wore makeup on their ________.
lips
The ___________________ provides a connection between salons and their staff by providing information about trends, products, and new techniques.
distributor sales consultant
The ability of the body to resist and destroy infection.
Immunity
An infection such as a pimple or abscess that is confined to a particular part of the body, and appearing as a lesion containing pus.
Local infection
How many bones make up the face?
14
An oval, bony case that protects the brain.
Cranium
The destructive phase of metabolism. The breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy.
Catabolism
The invasion of the body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
Infection
The widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown area.
Parietal ridge
Technique using diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.
Beveling
Chemical texturizers raise the ________ of the hair to an __________ state to soften the hair and swell the hair shaft.
pHalkaline
Hair with a strong, compact cuticle layer is considered __________.
resistant, coarse
A volumizer should be sprayed onto the base of fine hair when it is ______.
wet
Backbrushing is also known as _______________.
ruffing
An important aspect of professional image is _______________.
physical presentation
Daily maintenance of cleanliness is known as __________________.
personal hygiene
Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids.
Bloodborne pathogens
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics.
Bacteria
Microscopic plant parasites which include molds, mildew, and yeast, and which cause such diseases as ringworm.
Fungi
As long ago as 3000 B.C., nail care was practiced in ___________.
Egypt and China
For disinfection of implements, states requiring hospital disinfectants do not allow the use of ______________ as a disinfectant.
alcohol
Perms and relaxers change the shape of the hair by chemically changing the ______________ bonds, and reforming them as ____________ bonds.
disulfidelanthionine
The amount of minerals in water determines ________ ____________.
water hardness
Layers create __________ and ___________ in the hair.
movementvolume
Working the hair with tension is one of the advantages of _________.
Rollers
Do not apply a hydroxide relaxer on hair that has been previously treated with a ___________ ___________.
thio relaxer (or perm)
Hirsuties, also known as _____________, refers to the growth of an abnormal amount of hair on part or all of the body.
hypertrichosis
A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV).
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Which type of no-lye relaxer needs to be mixed?
guanidine hydroxide
Photoepilation can provide ______% clearance of hair in 12 weeks.
50-60%
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.
Decontamination
Endothermic waves must be activated using a(n) _____________ __________ __________.
outside heat source
Which type of relaxer contains one componant, and is used without any additional mixing?
Metal hydroxide relaxers
The five main structures of the hair root are:
hair folliclehair bulbdermal papillaarrector pilisebaceous glands
The effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills organisms when used according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Efficacy
_____________ uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles.
Photo epilation
Cold wax is thicker and does not require ________ __________ for removal.
fabric strips
Straight lines used to build weight or create a one-length haircut.
Parallel lines
Straight lines used to remove weight or create graduated layers.
Vertical line
What substance absorbs moisture or promotes the retention of moisture?
Humectants
Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals and removes them from the hair is called _________ ____________.
clarifying shampoo
Reflexology is a method of massage that involves applying pressure with which fingers?q
Thumb and index fingers
Step 2 of the 10-step consultation method is:
Asses the client’s current style
Step 4 of the 10-step consultation method is:
Analyze the client’s hair
Disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under- or over-functioning internal glands or organs.
Systemic
_____________ is produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Contagious disease
Technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining a beautiful shape.
Hair wrapping
Weak physical side bonds which are easily broken by changes is pH.
Salt bonds
Weak physical side bonds which are easily broken by water or heat.
Hydrogen bonds
The process whereby bacteria grow and reproduce by dividing into two new cells.
Binary fission
Disinfectants with high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes.
Phenolic disinfectants
__________ ____________ on the head mark where the surface of the head changes.
Reference points
When using the clipper-over-comb technique, the length is determined by ________________.
the angle of the comb
Cast shears are usually easier to _________ than forged shears.
reshape
Round bacteria that are not independently mobile.
Cocci
_____________ bacteria grows in pairs, and can cause pneumonia.
Diplococci
_____________ is the individual credited with the term, “day spa”.
Noel DeCaprio
Beauty icon who created revolutionary geometric cuts.
Vidal Sassoon
Innovator who produced and sold makeup that would not cake or crack under hot movie lights to movie stars.
Max Factor
In 2003, _________ introduced the first consumer-oriented DVD to the professional salon industry.
Sebastian International
A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection, and which is characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling.
Inflamation
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, nipper, extractor, or an environmental surface.
Indirect transmission
Methods to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
Infection control
The study of the tiny structures found in living tissue, also called microscopic anatomy.
Histology
Technical term for a boil.
Furuncle
The thickness or diameter of each individual hair strand refers to the hair ___________.
texture
The most common type of perm rod is ___________.
concave
Alkaline permanent waving solutions ____________ and ___________ the hair.
soften swell
Information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
What are the three separate components of acid waves?
waving solutionactivatorneutralizer
True acid waves have a pH between ________ and _______, and require ________ to process.
4.5 - 7.0heat
In massage, deep rubbing movement with pressure.
Friction
In massage, short tapping, slapping, and hacking movements.
Tapotement
In massage, light, continuous stroking movement applied in a slow, rhythmic manner.
Effleurage
In massage, kneading movements performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with a light but firm pressure.
Petrissage
In chemical hair relaxing, a soft press removes __________, medium press removes __________, and hard press removes __________ of curl.
50-60%60-75%100%
If the scalp is ______________, remember to use enough tension to press the hair satisfactorily.
flexible
______________ are used to give a finished appearance to hair ends.
End curls
Angle of full-base curls: ___________Angle of half-base curls: _____________
125 degrees90 degrees
Angle at which the fingers are held when performing a haircut.
Cutting line
Guideline used when creating layers or a graduated cut.
Stationary guideline
In ________________, aluminum chloride and other crystals are directed at the skin in order to abrade the ____________ ___________.
microdermabrasionstratum corneum
Deeper massage stimulation of the muscles, nerves, and skin glands.
Petrissage
Capacity or power to produce a desired effect.
Efficacy
Immunity the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation, or through exposure to natural allergens.
Acquired immunity
A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organism (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces.
Disinfection
Transmission of blood or bodily fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Direct transmission
The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells.
Binary fission
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but not spores, on surfaces.
Disinfectants
Detergents that break down and remove stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masques.
Chelating soaps
The basic unit of all living things.
Cells
Largest artery in the body.
Aorta
What is “evidence”?
Written proof
Elevation creates _____________ and layers, and is usually described in degrees.
graduation
When the hair is elevated below 90 degrees, you are __________ weight; when it is elevated above 90 degrees, you are ____________ weight.
buildingremoving
Most alkaline perms have a pH between ________ and _________.
9.0 - 9.6
Reduction reaction involves either the addition of ___________ or the removal of _____________.
hydrogenoxygen
A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild about _______% of the hair’s disulfide bonds.
50%
In permanent waving, ________________ stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new, curly form.
thio neutralization
Chemical hair relaxers are extremely _______________, and can literally melt or dissolve the hair if used incorrectly.
alkaline
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called ________ ___________.
lye relaxers
Thio permanent waves break __________ bonds and reform bonds with thio neutralizers.
disulfide
______________ provides natural dark brown to black color to hair.
Eulamelanin
Pin curls placed immediately behind or below of ridge to form a wave are called _______ __________.
ridge curls
One complete turn around the roller will create: __________One and a half turns will create: __________Two and a half turns will create: ____________
C-shaped curlwavescurls
Acidic on the pH scale is from _______ to ___________.Alkaline on the pH scale is from ________ to __________.______ is neutral pH.
0 - 6.97.1 - 147.0
Pin curl bases can be what four shapes?
rectangulartriangularsquarearc-based
What is classified as a universal solvent?
Water
pH balanced shampoo has a pH in the range of ______ to ______.
4.5 - 5.5
Disinfectants that are harmful to salon tools and implements.
Tuberculocidal
Kneading massage movements used mainly on the arms.
Fulling
In a facial, removal of the makeup follows _______ ____________.
client consultation
What type of salon was introduced in 2007?
Eco salons
The ancient _____________ were the first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion.
Egyptians
What practice was introduced in the 1970’s?
Hair weaving using foil
When suggesting options as a part of the 10-step consultation method, it is recommended that you suggest at least ________ additional services.
two
The maximum number of students present on the school premises at any one time and for which the school has the required resources.
Accommodate
What is advanced training?
Instruction conducted by a recognized expert in the field offered to licensed individuals. Not to exceed 8 hours.
What is advertising?
Any written or graphic representation designed to elicit enrollment or the sale of goods or services, including signs, displays, circulars, brochures, and recruitment materials.
Define artificial nails.
The construction, repair, and application of all artificial nails, tips, sculptured nails and wraps.
What is a Certificate of Identification and how do you obtain one?
ID authorizing a licensed practitioner to take their lawful practice to a location other than a licensed salon. You must have a current license, provide documentation of current employment in a MN licensed salon, and attest that services shall be performed in a licensed health care facility or performed for homebound persons.
Define “clinic”:
The portion of a cosmetology school where services are offered to the public, and which are performed by students, and for which compensation is given.l
Define “clean”:
Free from all soil, dirt and debris, and washed with hot, soapy water.
A contagious or infectious disease or condition is _____________.
communicable
What is “community education”?
A program of personal grooming, taught by a licensed cosmo, esthi, or nail tech, of less than ten hours duration.
What is “the Board”?
State Board of Cosmetology Examiners
What is “compensation”?
Monetary or non-monetary renumeration for services.
Any person who, for compensation, performs the personal services of cosmetic care for the hari, nails, and skin, including cleaning, conditioninbg, shaping, reinforcing, and coloring.
Cosmetologist
Define “demonstration”:
A presentation of less than 8 hours conducted by a recognized expert in the field, for the purposes of training students or specialization by current licensees.
What is the “dispensary”?
Physical location in a salon where supplies are prepared, measured, mixed, portioned, or disposed of.
What is “documentation”?
A signed, notarized statement attesting to the truth of the facts stated within.
Any person who, for compensation, performs personal services for the cosmetic care of the skin only.
Esthitician
Items that are clean, with no holes, frayed wires, or tears in coverings, and which are fully operational for their intended purpose are considered to be in __________ ___________.
good repair
A natural form of hair manipulation.
Hair braiding
What is a person who offers hair braiding services called?
A hair braider
What is an “instructor”?
A person employed by a school to prepare and present the theoretical and practical education of cosmetology.
What is “licensed practice”?
Practice of cosmetology in a licensed salon, or practice of esthiology in connection with medical care in the office of a licensed physician.
What are “licensed services”?
Those services defined as the practice of cosmetology as defined by the Minnesota Statutes 155A.23
What is a manager?
Any person who conducts, operates, or manages a cosmetology school or salon.
What is “reciprocity”?
The agreement between two states to accept each other’s prerequisites for licensure.
Simple braiding devices include:
clips, combs, curlers, curling irons, hair pins, rollers, scissors, needles and thread
The personnel of the BCE are referred to as __________.
staff
A ___________ is a summons to a meeting.
subpoena
A(n) ____________ _____________ is any service not regulated by the state. Examples are stage makeup, permanent hair removal, and tattooing.
unregulated service
What is the fine for a manager who has an unlicensed person working in their salon?
$150
What is the fee for a school instructor with a lapsed license found on inspection by the BCE?
$200
What is the fee for a school with a lapsed license?
$1000
How much is the initial and renewal fees to license a salon?
$130 initial, $100 renewal
What is the fee for an owner/manger allowing an operator to work as an independent contractor? What is the fee for the operator working as an independent contractor?
$200$100
What is the fee for performing nail or cosmo services in an esthi salon, or for performing esthi or cosmo services in a nail salon?
$500
What is the fee for a salon with a lapsed license?
$500
What is the initial cost of a cosmetology license? How much is the non-refundable license application fee?
$90$40
What will a special events permit allow you to do? How much does it cost?
Allows you to take your services out of the salon to special events. Cost is $75, and license is good for one year.
What is the cost for a Certificate of Identification?
$20
How much liability insurance does a salon need?
$25,000 per claim, $50,00 coverage for each operator per policy year.
How much liability insurance shall an independent contractor have?
The same as a salon: $25,000 per claim; $50,000 for each policy year
The total of all civil penalties may not exceed __________ per violation?
$2000
What is a civil penalty and what is the fine?
Violation of a statute, rule, or order. Fine is up to $2,000 per violation.
Fee for refusal or failure to cooperate with an inspection.
$500
What is the fee for failure to display a license?
$100
Fee for failing to dispose of single-use equipment, implements, or materials.
$500
Fee for use of prohibited razpr-type callus shavers, rasps, or graters.
$500
Fee for expired cosmo, nail, esthi, manager, school manager, and instructors license.
$45
Fee for registration of hair braiders.
$20
Fee for duplicate (replacement) license.
$20, + $10 processing fee
How many shampoo quotas must a cosmetology student complete?
300
How many bow dryers and shampoo bowls does a school need?
1 per every 6 students
How many people can be designated as a manager for one salon?
One
Violations cited by the board staff shall be corrected within ______ business days, and written notification of the correction must be sent to the board within that time.
ten
If you do not renew your license before the expiration date, you are considered unlicensed. What must you do to renew your license?
Take a reactivation course, 155 hours for cosmo, 60 hours for esthi, 35 hours for nail tech
How many days do you have to notify the BCE if you change your name or address?
30 days
How long do you have to prove you are in compliance if you were found to not be in compliance?
ten days
How long is a cosmetology license valid? When does it expire?
3 yearsThe last day of your birth month
What is the result if you let your salon license expire? How many days do you have to renew after this?
Delinquent license30 days
How many days does a salon have to notify the BCE of a name change?
60 days
If your license has been revoked, when are you eligible to apply for re-licensure?
Until at least two years have passed from the effective date of the revokation
