Chemistry Flashcards
The term used to describe anything that occupies space is ____________.
matter
Rusting of a nail is an example of a physical change. (True or False)
False
Melting ice changes water to a solid, Boiling water changes water from a liquid to a gas. These are examples of a ____________ change.
physical
All matter is comprised of __________.
atoms
Matter that is or once was living contains ______________, and deals with ___________________.
carbon, organic chemistry
Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called ___________.
elements
Atoms that are the same form a(n) ____________.
element
Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n) _________________.
molecule
When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is water, which is a(n) ______________.
compound
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen for the basis of _________________.
amino acids
What is created when amino acids join together in chains?
Proteins
What makes up the primary composition of hair?
Keratin
Which bonds found in hair can be easily broken by heat or water?
Hydrogen bonds
The bonds found in hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called ________________.
side bonds
What is the side bond that is of greatest concern to cosmetologists?
Disulfide bond
Human hair is formed when protein chains connect to other protein chains. (True or False)
True
Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and/or contain _____________.
water
A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydrogen ions is _______________.
acidic
A pH of 5 is how many more times acidic that a pH of 6?
10
Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered ________.
neutral
In what pH range is skin and hair?
4.5 - 5.5
In the process of making a cup of instant hot chocolate, what would the powdered chocolate represent?
Solute
A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, evenly dispersed, would be a(n) ___________.
solution
A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a(n) _____________.
solvent
Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are _________________.
ointments
What is formed when two or more non-miscible substances are united with the help of a binder?
Emulsion
Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified fall under which classification?
Soaps
The instructions on a product state to shake well before use, which indicates the product is probably a(n) _______________.
suspension
Which classification identifies emulsions generally used by cosmetologists?
oil-in-water emulsion
Which term means non-mixable?
Immiscible
______________ is cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting the scalp or hair.
Shampooing
The primary ingredient in most shampoos is ____________________.
deionized water
Surfactants contain a ____________ part and a _______________ part, and are used to remove oil from the hair.
lipophilic, hydrophilic
If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals, it is classified as ______________.
hard water
_____________ is purifying water by passing it through a porous substance.
Filtration
Which shampoo would be most likely to remove product buildup?
Clarifying shampoo
Which shampoo would be recommended for a person who is bedridden or ill?
Powdered dry shampoo
Which shampoo is designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders?
Medicated shampoo
Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the hair and deposit color?
Color shampoo
Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?
Body-building conditioner
Using a conditioner increases new hair growth. (True or False)
False
The main ingredients found in most neutralizers are ___________________________.
hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, or sodium bromate
The color molecules in permanent hair color enter the hair shaft with the aid of _______________________.
an alkaline substance
What occurs during oxidation?
A substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired
Oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, have the ability to release ______________.
oxygen
Oxidative hair color causes a _______________ change in the hair.
chemical
Ammonia is composed of _____________ and ________________.
hydrogen, nitrogen
