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MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The term used to describe anything that occupies space is ____________.

A

matter

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2
Q

Rusting of a nail is an example of a physical change. (True or False)

A

False

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3
Q

Melting ice changes water to a solid, Boiling water changes water from a liquid to a gas. These are examples of a ____________ change.

A

physical

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4
Q

All matter is comprised of __________.

A

atoms

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5
Q

Matter that is or once was living contains ______________, and deals with ___________________.

A

carbon, organic chemistry

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6
Q

Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called ___________.

A

elements

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7
Q

Atoms that are the same form a(n) ____________.

A

element

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8
Q

Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n) _________________.

A

molecule

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9
Q

When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is water, which is a(n) ______________.

A

compound

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10
Q

Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen for the basis of _________________.

A

amino acids

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11
Q

What is created when amino acids join together in chains?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What makes up the primary composition of hair?

A

Keratin

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13
Q

Which bonds found in hair can be easily broken by heat or water?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

The bonds found in hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called ________________.

A

side bonds

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15
Q

What is the side bond that is of greatest concern to cosmetologists?

A

Disulfide bond

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16
Q

Human hair is formed when protein chains connect to other protein chains. (True or False)

A

True

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17
Q

Substances of acidic or alkaline nature dissolve in water and/or contain _____________.

A

water

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18
Q

A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydrogen ions is _______________.

A

acidic

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19
Q

A pH of 5 is how many more times acidic that a pH of 6?

A

10

20
Q

Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered ________.

A

neutral

21
Q

In what pH range is skin and hair?

A

4.5 - 5.5

22
Q

In the process of making a cup of instant hot chocolate, what would the powdered chocolate represent?

A

Solute

23
Q

A mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, evenly dispersed, would be a(n) ___________.

A

solution

24
Q

A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a(n) _____________.

A

solvent

25
Q

Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are _________________.

A

ointments

26
Q

What is formed when two or more non-miscible substances are united with the help of a binder?

A

Emulsion

27
Q

Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified fall under which classification?

A

Soaps

28
Q

The instructions on a product state to shake well before use, which indicates the product is probably a(n) _______________.

A

suspension

29
Q

Which classification identifies emulsions generally used by cosmetologists?

A

oil-in-water emulsion

30
Q

Which term means non-mixable?

A

Immiscible

31
Q

______________ is cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting the scalp or hair.

A

Shampooing

32
Q

The primary ingredient in most shampoos is ____________________.

A

deionized water

33
Q

Surfactants contain a ____________ part and a _______________ part, and are used to remove oil from the hair.

A

lipophilic, hydrophilic

34
Q

If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals, it is classified as ______________.

A

hard water

35
Q

_____________ is purifying water by passing it through a porous substance.

A

Filtration

36
Q

Which shampoo would be most likely to remove product buildup?

A

Clarifying shampoo

37
Q

Which shampoo would be recommended for a person who is bedridden or ill?

A

Powdered dry shampoo

38
Q

Which shampoo is designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders?

A

Medicated shampoo

39
Q

Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the hair and deposit color?

A

Color shampoo

40
Q

Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?

A

Body-building conditioner

41
Q

Using a conditioner increases new hair growth. (True or False)

A

False

42
Q

The main ingredients found in most neutralizers are ___________________________.

A

hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate, or sodium bromate

43
Q

The color molecules in permanent hair color enter the hair shaft with the aid of _______________________.

A

an alkaline substance

44
Q

What occurs during oxidation?

A

A substance loses an electron and oxygen is acquired

45
Q

Oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, have the ability to release ______________.

A

oxygen

46
Q

Oxidative hair color causes a _______________ change in the hair.

A

chemical

47
Q

Ammonia is composed of _____________ and ________________.

A

hydrogen, nitrogen

MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep (14 decks)

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