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MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep > The Study of Nails > Flashcards

The Study of Nails Flashcards

1
Q

The primary purpose of the free edge of the nail is to ________________.

A

protect the tip of the finger or toe

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2
Q

The nail bed is attached to the bone by ______________.

A

ligaments

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3
Q

Attached at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle, is the ________________.

A

nail root

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4
Q

What is the skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail?

A

perionychium

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5
Q

The ____________ is a half-moon shape at the base of the nail that appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the ________________ and ______________ meet.

A

lunula, nail matrix, nail bed

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6
Q

The active tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward from the root the the nail is called the ____________________.

A

nail matrix

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7
Q

__________ are considered appendages of the skin.

A

Nails

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8
Q

What is the cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail?

A

eponychium

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9
Q

What is the deep, pocket-like area that holds the root and the matrix of the nail?

A

mantle

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10
Q

The loose and pliable overlapping of skin around the nail is the ____________.

A

cuticle

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11
Q

The skin under the free-edge of the nail is the ___________________.

A

hyponychium

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12
Q

The folds of skin on either side of the nail groove are called the _______________.

A

nail wall

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13
Q

The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows are called the ________________.

A

nail grooves

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14
Q

If a nail is lost due to injury and does not grow back, what nail structure has possibly been permanently damaged?

A

nail matrix

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15
Q

What is the average growth rate of nails in adults?

A

1/8” per month

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16
Q

A decrease in the rate of growth in nails can be cause by ____________________.

A

aging, poor nutrition, or winter months

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17
Q

Under normal conditions, the growth of a new nail plate takes approximately ________________.

A

4 - 6 months

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18
Q

Which nail structure consists of many nerves and blood vessels for continuous nourishment?

A

nail bed

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19
Q

Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called _________________.

A

onychosis

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20
Q

Nails with a sign of disease require ______________________.

A

referral to a physician

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21
Q

What are some of the diseases of the nail that are cause by fungus?

A

tinea pedis, tinea manus, onychomycosis

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22
Q

Onychia is and inflammation of the _______________.

A

nail matrix

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23
Q

Vertical lines down the nail plate that may be caused by illness or injury are called _____________.

A

furrows

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24
Q

Systemic or long-term illness or nervous disturbance can cause ______________________.

A

spoon nails

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25
Q

A healthy nail is smooth, curved, translucent, pinkish in color, and __________________.

A

without hollows or wavy ridges

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26
Q

The technical name for the disease referred to as ringworm (tinea) of the nail is __________________.

A

onychomycosis

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27
Q

Possible causes of paronychia include ___________________________________.

A

infected hangnail, bacterial infection, or prolonged exposure to water

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28
Q

___________________ appears as itching and peeling of the skin on the feet, and must be ________________.

A

Tinea pedis, referred to a physician

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29
Q

The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail grooves causing ingrown toenails is _________________.

A

onychocryptosis

30
Q

Uneven growth of a nail may cause ________________.

A

wavy ridges

31
Q

Trimming toenails ______________ can help avoid ingrown toenails.

A

straight across

32
Q

Small white spots on the nail cause by an injury in which a small separation occurs between the nail and the nail bed is called ________________.

A

leuconychia

33
Q

Blood trapped under the nails is a condition referred to as ________________________.

A

bruised nails

34
Q

What condition results when the cuticle becomes overly dry and splits?

A

hangnail

35
Q

_________________ is a condition in which an excess of living skin attaches to the nail plate, disrupting normal nail growth.

A

Pterygium

36
Q

What is another name for onychauxis?

A

hypertrophy

37
Q

A thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail is called ________________.

A

onychauxis

38
Q

What would be the correct response if a client exhibits signs of onychophagy?

A

offer to perform a weekly nail service, including polish

39
Q

Improper filing, injuries, or harsh chemicals could be the cause of ___________________.

A

split nails

40
Q

_______________ is caused by a client’s nervous habit.

A

Onychophagy

41
Q

What is the nail condition that can be indicated by a yellow discoloration that progresses to black and begins to smell bad?

A

nail fungus

42
Q

Onychorrhexis is a term indicating ____________________.

A

brittle or split nails

43
Q

Discoloration of the nail can indicate serious problems in which part of the nail?

A

nail bed

44
Q

Upon discovery of a nail fungus on a client’s hands or feet, the cosmetologist needs to ___________________.

A

refer the client to a physician

45
Q

What is the job of the manicurist when determining the shape of the client’s nails?

A

enhance the client’s natural nail shape

46
Q

An implement that shortens, shapes, and smooths rough edges of natural nails is called __________________.

A

emery board, nail file

47
Q

What product can be used to remove stains on nails?

A

nail bleach

48
Q

A ___________ may be used to aid in fast drying and protecting fresh polish from becoming sticky or dull.

A

nail dryer

49
Q

The finger bowl should contain warm water and ___________.

A

soap

50
Q

What is generally the wattage for the bulb found in a lamp used for close detail work?

A

40 watt

51
Q

How should implements involved in a blood spill incident be handled?

A

disinfected with a broad spectrum disinfectant

52
Q

How do you properly disinfect multi-use implements after performing a manicure service?

A

wash with soap and water, then place in EPA approved disinfectant.

53
Q

How often should disinfectant be replaced?

A

as directed by manufacturer

54
Q

When removing polish, work from _________________.

A

base to tip

55
Q

When performing a manicure you must remove any traces of ________________________ before applying __________.

A

oil, lotion or cream; polish

56
Q

When is it appropriate to offer a hand massage during a manicure?

A

prior to polishing the nails

57
Q

How should polish be applied?

A

using light, sweeping strokes

58
Q

What should you use to remove excess polish at the edge of the nail?

A

an orange stick (or pusher) wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover

59
Q

Nail polish should be applied _______ the base coat.

A

over

60
Q

During the massage portion of a pedicure, apply pressure to the muscular tissue on either side of ___________________.

A

the shinbone

61
Q

Brittle or dry aging hands could receive some benefit from _________________________.

A

hot oil or cream manicuring

62
Q

Following an acrylic nail service, brushes should be cleaned _____________________.

A

in brush cleaner

63
Q

Because most nail products produce vapors which are flammable, ___________________.

A

smoking should not be allowed in the salon

64
Q

Avoid the use of acetone polish remover on _________________.

A

plastic nail tips

65
Q

How much of the nail bed should a nail tip cover?

A

1/3 to 1/2

66
Q

A dehydrant is used to help remove ________________ and prevent the growth of _____________.

A

oil and moisture; fungus

67
Q

When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail?

A

before applying a nail form

68
Q

After applying the primer during a sculpted nail service, _________________.

A

avoid touching the nail

69
Q

Re-balancing the nail during a fill service means to file and buff the nail to blend _________________.

A

remaining acrylic to the new growth area

70
Q

If a nail fungus is found prior to performing a fill service, what step should be taken?

A

remove the artificial nail

MN State Cosmetology Boards Prep (14 decks)

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