The Study of Nails Flashcards
The primary purpose of the free edge of the nail is to ________________.
protect the tip of the finger or toe
The nail bed is attached to the bone by ______________.
ligaments
Attached at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle, is the ________________.
nail root
What is the skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail?
perionychium
The ____________ is a half-moon shape at the base of the nail that appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the ________________ and ______________ meet.
lunula, nail matrix, nail bed
The active tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward from the root the the nail is called the ____________________.
nail matrix
__________ are considered appendages of the skin.
Nails
What is the cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail?
eponychium
What is the deep, pocket-like area that holds the root and the matrix of the nail?
mantle
The loose and pliable overlapping of skin around the nail is the ____________.
cuticle
The skin under the free-edge of the nail is the ___________________.
hyponychium
The folds of skin on either side of the nail groove are called the _______________.
nail wall
The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows are called the ________________.
nail grooves
If a nail is lost due to injury and does not grow back, what nail structure has possibly been permanently damaged?
nail matrix
What is the average growth rate of nails in adults?
1/8” per month
A decrease in the rate of growth in nails can be cause by ____________________.
aging, poor nutrition, or winter months
Under normal conditions, the growth of a new nail plate takes approximately ________________.
4 - 6 months
Which nail structure consists of many nerves and blood vessels for continuous nourishment?
nail bed
Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called _________________.
onychosis
Nails with a sign of disease require ______________________.
referral to a physician
What are some of the diseases of the nail that are cause by fungus?
tinea pedis, tinea manus, onychomycosis
Onychia is and inflammation of the _______________.
nail matrix
Vertical lines down the nail plate that may be caused by illness or injury are called _____________.
furrows
Systemic or long-term illness or nervous disturbance can cause ______________________.
spoon nails
A healthy nail is smooth, curved, translucent, pinkish in color, and __________________.
without hollows or wavy ridges
The technical name for the disease referred to as ringworm (tinea) of the nail is __________________.
onychomycosis
Possible causes of paronychia include ___________________________________.
infected hangnail, bacterial infection, or prolonged exposure to water
___________________ appears as itching and peeling of the skin on the feet, and must be ________________.
Tinea pedis, referred to a physician
The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail grooves causing ingrown toenails is _________________.
onychocryptosis
Uneven growth of a nail may cause ________________.
wavy ridges
Trimming toenails ______________ can help avoid ingrown toenails.
straight across
Small white spots on the nail cause by an injury in which a small separation occurs between the nail and the nail bed is called ________________.
leuconychia
Blood trapped under the nails is a condition referred to as ________________________.
bruised nails
What condition results when the cuticle becomes overly dry and splits?
hangnail
_________________ is a condition in which an excess of living skin attaches to the nail plate, disrupting normal nail growth.
Pterygium
What is another name for onychauxis?
hypertrophy
A thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail is called ________________.
onychauxis
What would be the correct response if a client exhibits signs of onychophagy?
offer to perform a weekly nail service, including polish
Improper filing, injuries, or harsh chemicals could be the cause of ___________________.
split nails
_______________ is caused by a client’s nervous habit.
Onychophagy
What is the nail condition that can be indicated by a yellow discoloration that progresses to black and begins to smell bad?
nail fungus
Onychorrhexis is a term indicating ____________________.
brittle or split nails
Discoloration of the nail can indicate serious problems in which part of the nail?
nail bed
Upon discovery of a nail fungus on a client’s hands or feet, the cosmetologist needs to ___________________.
refer the client to a physician
What is the job of the manicurist when determining the shape of the client’s nails?
enhance the client’s natural nail shape
An implement that shortens, shapes, and smooths rough edges of natural nails is called __________________.
emery board, nail file
What product can be used to remove stains on nails?
nail bleach
A ___________ may be used to aid in fast drying and protecting fresh polish from becoming sticky or dull.
nail dryer
The finger bowl should contain warm water and ___________.
soap
What is generally the wattage for the bulb found in a lamp used for close detail work?
40 watt
How should implements involved in a blood spill incident be handled?
disinfected with a broad spectrum disinfectant
How do you properly disinfect multi-use implements after performing a manicure service?
wash with soap and water, then place in EPA approved disinfectant.
How often should disinfectant be replaced?
as directed by manufacturer
When removing polish, work from _________________.
base to tip
When performing a manicure you must remove any traces of ________________________ before applying __________.
oil, lotion or cream; polish
When is it appropriate to offer a hand massage during a manicure?
prior to polishing the nails
How should polish be applied?
using light, sweeping strokes
What should you use to remove excess polish at the edge of the nail?
an orange stick (or pusher) wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover
Nail polish should be applied _______ the base coat.
over
During the massage portion of a pedicure, apply pressure to the muscular tissue on either side of ___________________.
the shinbone
Brittle or dry aging hands could receive some benefit from _________________________.
hot oil or cream manicuring
Following an acrylic nail service, brushes should be cleaned _____________________.
in brush cleaner
Because most nail products produce vapors which are flammable, ___________________.
smoking should not be allowed in the salon
Avoid the use of acetone polish remover on _________________.
plastic nail tips
How much of the nail bed should a nail tip cover?
1/3 to 1/2
A dehydrant is used to help remove ________________ and prevent the growth of _____________.
oil and moisture; fungus
When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail?
before applying a nail form
After applying the primer during a sculpted nail service, _________________.
avoid touching the nail
Re-balancing the nail during a fill service means to file and buff the nail to blend _________________.
remaining acrylic to the new growth area
If a nail fungus is found prior to performing a fill service, what step should be taken?
remove the artificial nail
