The Structure of DNA 1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nucleotides made up of

A

Deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a base.

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2
Q

Different types of RNA

A

messenger, transfer and ribosomal

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3
Q

What are the base pairs?

A

Adenine to Thymine and Cytosine to Guanine

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4
Q

What’s between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of another?

A

A strong chemical bond

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5
Q

Which ways do the Antiparallel strands go?

A

5’ to 3’ on the left and 3’ to 5’ on the right

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6
Q

What are the DNA base pair rules?

A

Two strands of DNA are joined by weak hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

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7
Q

What is the structure of DNA called?

A

Double Helix

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8
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Organisms which cells contain membrane bound organelles (such as nucleus or mitochondria)

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9
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Organisms lacking membrane bound organelles

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10
Q

How to remember prokaryotes?

A

Pro
Pre
Prehistoric
Before a nucleus

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11
Q

What is the DNA organisation in prokaryotes?

A

They have a singular circular double stranded chromosome tightly packed to form a nucleoide. And plasmids.

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12
Q

What is the DNA organisation in eukaryotes?

A

They all have linear chromosomes in their nucleus.

They also have circular chromosomes out with the nucleus, in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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13
Q

What is the DNA packaging in eukaryotes?

A

The DNA double helix is tightly coiled and packaged with his tone proteins.

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14
Q

Why is yeast a special example of a eukaryote?

A

It has a nucleus and linear chromosomes BUT also contains plasmids which are useful for genetic engineering.

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