2.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
Respiration is a series of enzyme controlled reactions that release energy from food.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What does ATP do?
It is used to transfer energy to cellular processes where energy is required.
What is the ATP role of adding phosphates to molecules called?
Phosphorilation
Where does glycolysis occur?
The cytoplasm
What are the two stages to glycolysis?
The energy investment phases and the energy pay-off stage
What happens during the energy investment stage?
2ATP phosphorylate glucose and intermediate molecules.
What happens in the energy pay off stage?
Converts intermediate molecules into two pyruvate molecules.
What is the net gain of ATP?
2
What do the dehydrogenase enzymes do in energy pay-off.
Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and combine with NAD to form NADH
What conditions does the citric acid cycle occur?
Aerobic
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?1
The matrix of the mitochondria
What does the electron transport chain consist of?
Proteins embedded in the inner membrane
What does the folding of the inner membrane form?
Cristae
In Krebbs what is the 3C pyruvate broken down into?
A 2C acetyl group
Acetyl combines with coenzyme A to be transferred to the Krebbs cycle as…
Acetyle Coenzyme A
What happens after CO2 is released?
A dehydrogenase removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons which combine with NAD to form NADH
The acetyl group from CoEnzyme A combines with ____ to form ____
Oxaloacetate…..Citrate
Citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in…
the generation of ATP and releases CO2
In the absence of oxygen, what takes place?
Fermentation
Fermentation in animal cells.
Pyruvate -> Lactate
Is fermentation in animal cells reversible?
Yes
Fermentation in plant and yeast cells.
Pyruvate—> Ethanol + CO2
Is fermentation in plant and yeast cells reversible?
No
The electron transport chain results in the synthesis of….
ATP
The high energy electrons are passed along the electron transport chain and release their energy allowing…
Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The return flow of ions rotates…
ATP synthase
What is oxygen in the ETC
The final electron acceptor
What does O2 do in the ETC
Combines with H+ ions and electrons forming water
