2.2 Cell Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration is a series of enzyme controlled reactions that release energy from food.

Question 2

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 3

What does ATP do?

Answer 3

It is used to transfer energy to cellular processes where energy is required.

Question 4

What is the ATP role of adding phosphates to molecules called?

Answer 4

Phosphorilation

Question 5

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 5

The cytoplasm

Question 6

What are the two stages to glycolysis?

Answer 6

The energy investment phases and the energy pay-off stage

Question 7

What happens during the energy investment stage?

Answer 7

2ATP phosphorylate glucose and intermediate molecules.

Question 8

What happens in the energy pay off stage?

Answer 8

Converts intermediate molecules into two pyruvate molecules.

Question 9

What is the net gain of ATP?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What do the dehydrogenase enzymes do in energy pay-off.

Answer 10

Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and combine with NAD to form NADH

Question 11

What conditions does the citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 11

Aerobic

Question 12

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?1

Answer 12

The matrix of the mitochondria

Question 13

What does the electron transport chain consist of?

Answer 13

Proteins embedded in the inner membrane

Question 14

What does the folding of the inner membrane form?

Answer 14

Cristae

Question 15

In Krebbs what is the 3C pyruvate broken down into?

Answer 15

A 2C acetyl group

Question 16

Acetyl combines with coenzyme A to be transferred to the Krebbs cycle as…

Answer 16

Acetyle Coenzyme A

Question 17

What happens after CO2 is released?

Answer 17

A dehydrogenase removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons which combine with NAD to form NADH

Question 18

The acetyl group from CoEnzyme A combines with ____ to form ____

Answer 18

Oxaloacetate…..Citrate

Question 19

Citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in…

Answer 19

the generation of ATP and releases CO2

Question 20

In the absence of oxygen, what takes place?

Answer 20

Fermentation

Question 21

Fermentation in animal cells.

Answer 21

Pyruvate -> Lactate

Question 22

Is fermentation in animal cells reversible?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Fermentation in plant and yeast cells.

Answer 23

Pyruvate—> Ethanol + CO2

Question 24

Is fermentation in plant and yeast cells reversible?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

The electron transport chain results in the synthesis of….

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

The high energy electrons are passed along the electron transport chain and release their energy allowing…

Answer 26

Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 27

The return flow of ions rotates…

Answer 27

ATP synthase

Question 28

What is oxygen in the ETC

Answer 28

The final electron acceptor

Question 29

What does O2 do in the ETC

Answer 29

Combines with H+ ions and electrons forming water