Structure of the Genome 1.5

Question 1

What is the genome?

Answer 1

The entire hereditary information encoded in DNA, made up of genes and other DNA sequences that do not code for proteins.

Question 2

What are the parts that don’t code for proteins called?

Answer 2

Non-protein coding regions.

Question 3

What does most of the eukaryotic genome consist of?

Answer 3

Non- protein coding sequences.

Question 4

The three general functions of non-protein coding regions

Answer 4

Protection
Regulation of transcription
Transcription of non-translated RNA

Question 5

Protection

Answer 5

Telomers are protective end caps to chromosomes which stop them unravelling. They are made of repetitive DNA sequences

Question 6

Regulation of transcription

Answer 6

Occurs when RNA polymerase binds to specific transcription factors. Sequences which act as transcription factors attach to non coding regular
For sequences of DNA

Question 7

Transcription of non translated RNA

Answer 7

RNA fragments

Involved in splicing and help to silence genes