2.5 Flashcards
What must organisms do in order to survive adverse conditions?
Adapt (reduce metabolic rate) or avoid the conditions all together
What happens during dormancy?
The development of an organism is temporarily suspended.
What does the temporary suspension of development in an organism during dormancy do?
Decreases metabolic rate, heart rate, breathing rate and body temperature.
What does dormancy allow ?
Allows survival during a period when the costs of continued metabolic activity would be too high.
What are some examples of dormancy?
Hibernation, aestivation and daily torpor
What is predictive dormancy?
When an organism enters a dormant phase before the onset of adverse conditions
Where does predictive dormancy happen?
In areas where conditions are predictable and consistent.
What is consequential dormancy?
When an organism enters a dormant phase after the adverse conditions have arisen
Where does consequential dormancy usually take place?
In areas where conditions are varied and unpredictable.
What is Hibernation?
A response of an animal to avoid adverse conditions such as low temperatures of winter by reduction of metabolic rate.
Example of animals that go through hibernation
Dormouse
Painted Turtles
Russian Bear
What is Aestivation?
Allows animals to survive in periods of high temperatures or drought
Examples of Aestivation?
Australian spade foot toads
Lungfish
Crocodiles
Snails and Jersey tiger moths
What is Daily Torpor?
A short period of reduced activity in organisms with high metabolic rates
What does daily torpor involve the reduction of?
Heart Rate and Breathing Rate
In daily torpor what does the reduced rate of metabolisms and activity for part of a 24 hour cycle do?
Saves energy for when the animal would not be able to find food.
What are examples of Daily Torpor?
Hummingbirds
Bats
Shrews
What is a way of totally avoiding adverse conditions?
Migration
What is Migration?
A seasonal movement from one area to another
What does migration allow?
Allows the animas to avoid metabolic adversity by relocating to a more suitable environment.
How is migration beneficial in the long term?
The expenditure of energy to relocate is a disadvantage but in the long term they will be able to survive, find food, breed etc
What are examples of migration?
Arctic Terns
Tundra Swans
Monarch butterflies
Namibian Desert Elephants
What is Innate Behaviour?
- Inherited and inflexible
- Plays a primary role in migratory behaviour
- Performed in the same way by every member of species
- Occurs in response to an external stimulus such as a change in photoperiod
What is Learned Behaviour?
- Begins after birth and gained by experience
- Flexible and a result of trial and error and relearning from members of a social bowl
- Plays a secondary role in migratory behaviour
What are some methods of tracking migration?
Ringing
Tagging
Satellite
Radio
