The Structure of DNA Flashcards
Name the 3 things that make up a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base
Which 2 chemicals make up the backbone of the DNA strand?
Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
A stands for
adenine
T stands for
thymine
C stands for
cytosine
G stands for
guanine
A goes with
T
G goes with
C
Name the bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together.
Hydrogen
What is found at the 3’ end of a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose sugar
What is found at the 5’ end of a DNA nucleotide?
Phosphate
What name is given to the twisted shape of DNA?
double helix
What forms the genetic code?
The sequence of the bases
Describe the chromosomes in prokaryotes.
single and circular
Describe the chromosomes in eukaryotes.
linear
State the two locations of circular chromosomes within eukaryotes.
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Name the small circular rings of DNA found in prokaryotes.
plasmids
Why is yeast a special example of a eukaryote?
contains plasmids
Name the protein found in eukaryotes that DNA winds around.
histones
What term is used to describe the fact that the 2 strands of DNA run in opposite directions?
anti-parallel
Which cells contain DNA in a nucleus and plasmids?
Fungal cells
Which group of cells have a nucleus with a distinct membrane?
Eukaryotic
Which group of cells have no nucleus?
Prokaryotes
In which part of a cell are linear chromosomes found?
nucleus
Where are circular chromosomes found in animal cells?
mitochondria
Where are circular chromosomes found in plant cells?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which type of cell has linear chromosomes and plasmids?
fungal cells
