Gene Expression

Question 1

What are the two main stages of gene expression?

Answer 1

transcription and translation

Question 2

How many of the genes in a cell are expressed?

a) All of them
b) Most of them
c) A fraction of them
d) None of them

Answer 2

c) A fraction of them

Question 3

Name the 3 types of RNA involved in transcription and translation.

Answer 3

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 4

How many strands does RNA have?

Answer 4

one

Question 5

Name the 3 things that make up an RNA nucleotide.

Answer 5

ribose sugar, phosphate and base

Question 6

Name the 4 bases found in RNA.

Answer 6

guanine, cytosine, adenine and uracil

Question 7

Which base is NOT found in RNA?

Answer 7

thymine

Question 8

Which base replaces thymine in RNA?

Answer 8

uracil (U)

Question 9

How many bases make up a codon?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

On which molecule do you find codons?

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

What does the ‘m’ in mRNA stand for?

Answer 11

messenger

Question 12

Where does mRNA travel from and to?

Answer 12

nucleus to the ribosomes

Question 13

What does a codon code for?

Answer 13

one amino acid

Question 14

What name is given to 3 bases on the tRNA?

Answer 14

anticodon

Question 15

What does the tRNA carry to the ribosome?

Answer 15

a specific amino acid

Question 16

Name the 2 things that form the ribosome.

Answer 16

rRNA and proteins

Question 17

What does the ‘r’ stand for in rRNA?

Answer 17

ribosomal

Question 18

Name the enzyme involved in transcription.

Answer 18

RNA polymerase

Question 19

What unwinds the DNA?

Answer 19

RNA polymerase

Question 20

Name the bonds broken between the bases of DNA.

Answer 20

hydrogen

Question 21

What breaks the bonds between the bases of DNA?

Answer 21

RNA polymerase

Question 22

What synthesises the primary transcript of mRNA?

Answer 22

RNA polymerase

Question 23

What does RNA polymerase use to synthesise the primary transcript?

Answer 23

RNA nucleotides

Question 24

What is the RNA base pairing for G on the DNA?

Answer 24

C

Question 25

What is the RNA base pairing for C on the DNA?

Answer 25

G

Question 26

What is the RNA base pairing for T on the DNA?

Answer 26

A

Question 27

What is the RNA base pairing for A on the DNA?

Answer 27

U (don't tell me you said T?!) numpty a stupid or ineffectual person. "confused numpties who have little idea of what they're talking about"

Question 28

Name the base beginning with U in RNA.

Answer 28

uracil

Question 29

What process converts the primary transcript into the mature transcript?

Answer 29

RNA splicing

Question 30

Where does RNA splicing take place?

Answer 30

nucleus

Question 31

What is the primary transcript made up of?

Answer 31

introns and exons

Question 32

What is the mature transcript made up of?

Answer 32

exons

Question 33

What are INtrons?

Answer 33

non-coding regions (IN the bIN)

Question 34

What are EXons?

Answer 34

regions that are EXpressed, coding regions

Question 35

What happens to the order of the exons during splicing?

Answer 35

The order remains unchanged

Question 36

Where does translation take place?

Answer 36

ribosomes

Question 37

Which molecule is translated into a polypeptide?

Answer 37

mRNA

Question 38

Where on the mRNA does translation begin?

Answer 38

start codon

Question 39

Where on the mRNA does translation end?

Answer 39

stop codon

Question 40

What do anticodons bond to?

Answer 40

codons

Question 41

What do codons bond to?

Answer 41

anticodons

Question 42

What bond joins the amino acids together?

Answer 42

peptide

Question 43

Once two amino acids are joined together, what happens to the first tRNA molecule?

Answer 43

It leaves the ribosome

Question 44

What do we call a long chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds?

Answer 44

A polypeptide

Question 45

Name the process that results in different proteins being expressed from one gene.

Answer 45

alternative RNA splicing

Question 46

How can different mature transcripts be obtained from the same primary transcript?

Answer 46

It depends on which exons are retained

Question 47

What must happen to the polypeptide chain for it to become a protein?

Answer 47

folded into a 3-D shape

Question 48

What holds the 3-D shape of the protein in place?

Answer 48

hydrogen bonds and interactions between amino acids

Question 49

What determines an individual's phenotype?

Answer 49

proteins produced as a result of gene expression