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508 > The Spine > Flashcards

The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the spine?

A

Protection, stability, mobility

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2
Q

What does the spine protect?

A
  • Elements of the CNS and PNS
  • Brain stem, spinal chord, spinal plexus, cauda equina, and nerve roots
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3
Q

How does the spine provide stability?

A

Provides a rigid column for stability for head and extremity movement against multi-directional forces

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4
Q

What multi-directional forces does the spine provide stability against?

A

Tension, compression, bending, twisting

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5
Q

How does the spine provide mobility?

A

Allows segmental, 3D motion directly within the rigid column when needed

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6
Q

What are the spinal regions? How many vertebrae are in each region?

A

-Sub-cranial
-Cervical (7 vertebrae)
-Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
-Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
-Sacral (5 fused)
-Coccyx

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7
Q

What does a spinal segment consist of?

A

-Adjacent halves of two vertebrae
-The disc
-Contents of vertebral and intervertebral foramen
-Facets
-Associated ligaments
-Associated muscle, fascia, and integumentary innervates by spinal nerve

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8
Q

What are the joints in a spinal segment?

A

-Disc (anteriorly)
-Two synovial facet joints (posteriorly)

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9
Q

What is annulus fibrosis?

A

Fibro collagenous circular layers laid down perpendicular to one another; resists tensile forces

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10
Q

What does the disc consist of?

A

Annular fibrosis, nucleus pulposis, vertebral end plates

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11
Q

What is the nucleus pulposis? What force does it resist?

A

-Centrally located proteoglycan rich gellatenous material
-Resists compression

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12
Q

What are the facets created by?

A

-Inferior articular process of superior vertebra
-Superior articular process of inferior vertebra

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13
Q

What does a spinal curve help with?

A

Load distribution

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14
Q

What type of curves are developed at a young age?

A
  • Born w/ C curve
  • C spine lordosis develops w/ onset of head lift
  • L spine lordosis develops with onset of sitting
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15
Q

What are the concepts of spinal motion? For physiologic? For joint play?

A
  • Regional; segmental
  • Distraction; Translation
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16
Q

How to assess physiologic joint motion?

A

Through end range and end feel

17
Q

How to assess non physiologic joint motion?

A

Component motions and joint play

18
Q

What are 3 things that you should keep in mind when assessing motion?

A

Quality, quantity, subjective response

19
Q

4 tools to measure spine ROM

A

-Tape measure
-Goniometer
-Inclinometer
-C-ROM device

20
Q

What are the dynamic motions that are used to assess strength?

A

Eccentric and concentric

21
Q

Ways to assess static strength?

A

Postural strength and endurance

22
Q

How do you quantify strength?

A

MMT or functional tests

23
Q

How do you qualify strength?

A

Coordination, motor control, functional movement patterns

24
Q

How do you assess neural elements?

A

-Subjective, medical history, risk factors, and flags (cancer, instability, fracture)
-Dermatomes, myotomes, DTRs, neurotension tests

25
Q

What are the three main cervical spine concerns?

A

Instability/fracture, neurological s/s, vertebral artery sign

26
Q

What are some examples of neurological s/s that are a concern with c/s?

A

-Chord signs (upper C spine lesion), UMN lesion
-Paresis
-Ataxia
-Abnormal reflex

27
Q

What are examples of vertebral artery sign?

A

Dizziness or drop attacks w/ head turning or cervical extension

28
Q

How can you determine clinical spinal presentations?

A

By systems review, lifespan, chief complaint, and medical diagnosis

29
Q

What are the 4 treatment objectives of Kaltenborn for spinal dysfunction?

A
  • Control pain and inflammation
  • Limited movement, restore normal motion
  • Hyper mobility, stabilize
  • Inform, instruct, and train

508 (11 decks)

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