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508 > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What color are dense objects?

A

Radio-opaque, white

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2
Q

What color are non-dense objects?

A

Black (transparent), radio-lucent

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3
Q

What are the structures on the grey scale? From black to white in order?

A

Air>fat>blood>muscle>bone>lead

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4
Q

What is the role of the PT?

A

-No role in ordering or assessment of radiographic studies
-Vital to appreciate implications of study findings

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5
Q

Why is diagnostic imaging utilized?

A

-To localize an anatomic problem
-To identify the tissue involved
-To identify the nature of the tissue damage (ex. tendinitis vs tear)
-to direct treatment (don’t do a test if it won’t alter your treatment)

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6
Q

What are the types of imaging?

A

-X ray
-CT
-MRI
-Ultrasound
-Nuclear imaging

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7
Q

What is X-ray?

A

Form of electromagnetic radiation

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8
Q

What is the purpose of routine radiography?

A

Documenting bony defects

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9
Q

What is “visualize the view?”

A

Need to understand the 3-D object being presented in a 2-D image

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10
Q

How many and what type of views are used for diagnostic radiology for musculoskeletal pathology?

A

-A minimum of 2 views are required, perpendicular to one another
-Additional oblique views often considered (routine radiography)

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11
Q

What is a common and valuable tool to screen the thoracic cavity?

A

Standard chest x-ray

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12
Q

What is the gold standard for soft tissue injury?

A

MRI

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13
Q

What are the advantages of X-rays? Disadvantages?

A

-Advantages: Quick, inexpensive, Ideal for bony changes
-Disadvantages: Does not show soft tissue changes, radiation exposure (small)

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14
Q

What does CT scan stand for?

A

Computerized (axial) tomography

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15
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

-A moving x-ray
-Provides detailed planar images by progressive visual “slices.”

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16
Q

What does “metastasis into bones” mean?

A

Increased metabolic activity uptakes isotope

17
Q

What are the advantages of CT?

A

-Cross sectional images
-Can enhance with contrast
-Better sensitivity than x-ray
-Ok w/ metal
-Fast

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of CT?

A

-High radiation exposure
-Less sensitive than MRI

19
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

20
Q

What is MRI used for?

A

No radiation involved and ideal for soft tissue contrasts

21
Q

How does MRI work?

A

-Applies a powerful magnetic field to the patient
-Detects the rate of magnetization and demagnetization
-Produce “slice” images in any plane

22
Q

What are the advantages of MRI?

A

-The grey scale does not apply so any structure can be highlighted
-No radiation exposure involved
-High sensitivity to slight tissue differences
-Can image in several planes
-Can image through bone

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of MRI?

A

-Cost
-Time lying still
-Limited tube size
-Can’t use w/ metal
-Can be too sensitive/not specific
-Not good for bone/calcified tissue

24
Q

What is ultrasound? How does it work?

A

-Picks up and examines timing and amplitude of reflections for echo, examines frequency change for doppler
-Produces a 2-D image in real time, can be moving

25
Q

Advantages of ultrasound?

A

-Biologically harmless
-Records and displays motion
-Requires no contrast
-Portable
-Distinguishes solid from fluid

26
Q

Disadvantages of ultrasound?

A

-Does not penetrate bone well
-Does not go through air/gas
-Skill dependent

27
Q

What does ultrasound image well?

A

-Fetus
-Children
-Abdominal organs
-Aorta
-Blood flow

28
Q

What is another name for bone scan?

A

Skeletal scintigraphy

29
Q

What is a bone scan used for?

A

-Used to help diagnose problems w/ bones
-Tool of nuclear medicine

30
Q

Bone scans are used to diagnostically in suspicion of

A

-Metastatic disease
-Arthritis
-Stress fractures
-Osteomyelitis
-Loosening of implants
-Multiple trauma

31
Q

How does a bone scan work?

A

-Patient is given a decaying radioisotope into veins
-Takes 2-4 hours for radioactive substance to gravitate to areas of bone damage
-Camera is used to image the bones; dark spots=damage

32
Q

What is nuclear imaging?

A

Non-invasive procedure that uses injected radioactive material and PET scanner, CT scan, or MRI

33
Q

What does nuclear imaging image well?

A

-Thyroid masses
-Bone metastases
-Lung circulation and ventilation
-Cancer, GI disease, endocrine disease

34
Q

What to look for in review of medical record and work ups to date?

A

-Type of tests done
-Normal study or abnormalities reported (structure, location, severity)
-Decision making: “do reported findings correlate with clinical signs and symptoms?”

508 (11 decks)

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