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Principles of PNF Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Neuromuscular?

A

Pertaining to the nerves and muscles

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2
Q

Definition of Facilitation?

A

The promotion or hastening of any natural process

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3
Q

What is neuromuscular facilitation?

A

Promoting or encouraging normal activity of the neuromuscular system.

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4
Q

What does proprioceptive mean?

A

Pertaining to the proprioceptors/sensory inputs

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5
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

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6
Q

Form of Therapeutic Exercise

A

-Movement with a purpose
-Focus on optimal afferent (sensory) input
-Tactile, verbal, and visual cues are important
-Meant to promote optimal neuromuscular activity

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7
Q

What are ways to provide continuous sensory input?

A

-Manual contacts (to assist, resist, block, and/or guide motion)
-Verbal guidance (to cue, coach, or enforce)
-Visual feedback

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8
Q

What are the general indicators/purpose of PNF?

A

-To decrease abnormal muscle tone
-To promote optimal, coordinated movement
-To increase strength and endurance
-To stretch tight muscles

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9
Q

What are the muscle groups that make up the muscular system?

A

Agonist, antagonist, supports, fixators

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10
Q

Agonist Purpose/function

A

Produce movement

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11
Q

Antagonist purpose/function

A

Relax to allow movement

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12
Q

Muscle supports purpose/function

A

To stabilize the trunk and proximal extremities

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13
Q

Muscle fixators purpose/function

A

Hold bones steady

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14
Q

Goal of PNF

A

Strengthen gross motor patterns instead of specific muscle actions

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15
Q

Purpose of facilitation during PNF

A

Increase excitability/action potential of motor neurons (to address weak muscles)

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16
Q

Purpose of inhibition during PNF

A

Creates a decrease in excitability of motor neurons (spasticity or tightness of muscles)

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17
Q

What are the 2 pairs of diagonal patterns for UE and LE?

A

-Diagonal 1 (D1)
-Diagonal 2 (D2)

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18
Q

Shoulder flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, adduction, ER
-Extension, abduction, IR

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19
Q

Scapula flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion: elevation, abduction, upward rotation
-Extension: Depression, adduction, downward rotation

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20
Q

Elbow flexion and extension D1 and D2?

A

Flexion or extension (for both flex/ext)

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21
Q

Forearm flexion and extension D1 and D2?

A

Flexion: Supination
Extension: Pronation

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22
Q

Wrist flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, radial deviation
-Extension, ulnar deviation

23
Q

Hand flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, adduction
-Extension, abduction

24
Q

Shoulder flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion, ABD, ER
-Extension, ADD, IR

25
Scapula flexion and extension D2?
-Flexion: Elevation, abduction, upward rotation -Extension: Depression, adduction, downward rotation
26
Wrist flexion and extension D2?
-Flexion: extension, radial deviation -Extension: flexion, ulnar deviation
27
Hand flexion and extension D2?
-Flexion: extension, ABD -Extension: flexion, ADD
28
Hip flexion and extension D1?
-Flexion, adduction, external rotation -Extension, abduction, internal rotation
29
Knee flexion and extension D1 and D2?
-Flexion -Extension
30
Ankle flexion and extension D1?
-Flexion: Dorsiflexion, Inversion -Extension: Plantarflexion, Eversion
31
Toes flexion and extension D1 and D2?
-Flexion: extension -Extension: flexion
32
Hip flexion and extension D2?
-Flexion, abduction, internal rotation -Extension, adduction, external rotation
33
Ankle flexion and extension D2?
-Flexion: Dorsiflexion, eversion -Extension: Plantarflexion, inversion
34
What are the 3 PNF stretching/relaxation techniques?
-Hold-Relax (HR) -Contract-relax (CR) -Contract-relax-antagonist-contract
35
What is the purpose of PNF stretching techniques?
-Increase flexibility and ROM -Used for muscular tension/tightness (relaxation techniques)
36
What is the purpose of muscular activation PNF techniques?
-Non-optimal motor control -Strength -Endurance -Coordination
37
What are the steps for the Hold-Relax HR?
-Move until resistance is felt -Hold isometric contraction for 5-10 seconds -Passively move to increase range -Repeat sequence 3-4 times
38
What type of muscle is primarily involved for Hold-Relax? What type of inhibition?
Agonist; Autogenic inhibition
39
What type of muscle is involved with Contract-Relax? What type of inhibition?
Antagonist; Reciprocal inhibition
40
What are the steps for the Contract-Relax (CR) technique?
-PT moves affected body part to limitation (point where resistance or gentle stretch is felt) -Resistance is applied to activate antagonist (muscle opposite of muscle being stretched) for 5-10 seconds -PT moves body part into new range passively -Repeat 3-4 times or when needed
41
What are the steps of the Hold-Relax-Antagonist-Contract technique?
-PT moves body part to limitation -PT applies resistance to activate agonist via isometric hold for 5-10 seconds -Allow agonist muscle to relax before concentric contraction of antagonist -Hold new range for 10-15 seconds -Repeat several times
42
What are the PNF strengthening techniques?
-Rhythmic Initiation -Repeated contraction -Slow Reversal -Slow Reversal hold -Rhythmic stabilization
43
When is Rhythmic Initiation used?
-For patients that are unable to initiate movement and who have limited ROM because of an increase in tone -Teach movement pattern
44
What is the order of ROM for rhythmic initiation? Which muscles are focused on with this technique?
-PROM>AAROM>AROM without resistance -Agonist movers -Do each ROM 4-6 times in the diagonal movement plane
45
Example of Rhythmic Initiation
Scapular patterns flexion/extension -pt sidelying, PT moves scapula between anterior shoulder and inferior angle of scapula -PROM, AAROM, and AROM 4-6x
46
When is the Repeated Contraction technique used? What type of muscle is addressed?
-For pts with weakness at a specific point in pattern or throughout the entire pattern (ROM) -Targets agonist movers
47
What occurs during Repeated Contraction? Purpose?
-Designed to correct an imbalance that occurs during the pattern (ROM) by repeating the weakest portion of the range -Repeated, dynamic contractions of agonist concentrically against maximal resistance until fatigue
48
What is the Slow Reversal technique used for? What type(s) of muscles are targeted?
-Useful in development of AROM and normal reciprocal timing of the agonist and antagonist muscles -Reversal of agonists
49
What occurs during Slow Reversal?
Isotonic contraction of the agonist muscle followed by an isotonic contraction of the antagonist muscle
50
What occurs during the Slow Reversal Hold?
Isotonic contraction of agonist followed by an isometric contraction with command of "hold" at the end of active range
51
What is Slow Reversal Hold used for? What muscle(s) are targeted?
-Designed to develop strength at a specific point in AROM -Reversal of agonists
52
What is Rhythmic Stabilization used for? What type of muscle is targeted?
-To promote stability via co-contraction of proximal muscle stabilization of trunk, pelvic girdle, or shoulder -Reversal of agonists
53
Example of Rhythmic Stabilization?
-Patient sidelying with knees bent -PT hands on anterior pelvis and posterior rib cage -PT provides gentle perturbations for 5-10 seconds -Repeat several times

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