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508 > Principles of PNF > Flashcards

Principles of PNF Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Neuromuscular?

A

Pertaining to the nerves and muscles

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2
Q

Definition of Facilitation?

A

The promotion or hastening of any natural process

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3
Q

What is neuromuscular facilitation?

A

Promoting or encouraging normal activity of the neuromuscular system.

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4
Q

What does proprioceptive mean?

A

Pertaining to the proprioceptors/sensory inputs

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5
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

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6
Q

Form of Therapeutic Exercise

A

-Movement with a purpose
-Focus on optimal afferent (sensory) input
-Tactile, verbal, and visual cues are important
-Meant to promote optimal neuromuscular activity

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7
Q

What are ways to provide continuous sensory input?

A

-Manual contacts (to assist, resist, block, and/or guide motion)
-Verbal guidance (to cue, coach, or enforce)
-Visual feedback

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8
Q

What are the general indicators/purpose of PNF?

A

-To decrease abnormal muscle tone
-To promote optimal, coordinated movement
-To increase strength and endurance
-To stretch tight muscles

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9
Q

What are the muscle groups that make up the muscular system?

A

Agonist, antagonist, supports, fixators

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10
Q

Agonist Purpose/function

A

Produce movement

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11
Q

Antagonist purpose/function

A

Relax to allow movement

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12
Q

Muscle supports purpose/function

A

To stabilize the trunk and proximal extremities

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13
Q

Muscle fixators purpose/function

A

Hold bones steady

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14
Q

Goal of PNF

A

Strengthen gross motor patterns instead of specific muscle actions

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15
Q

Purpose of facilitation during PNF

A

Increase excitability/action potential of motor neurons (to address weak muscles)

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16
Q

Purpose of inhibition during PNF

A

Creates a decrease in excitability of motor neurons (spasticity or tightness of muscles)

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17
Q

What are the 2 pairs of diagonal patterns for UE and LE?

A

-Diagonal 1 (D1)
-Diagonal 2 (D2)

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18
Q

Shoulder flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, adduction, ER
-Extension, abduction, IR

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19
Q

Scapula flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion: elevation, abduction, upward rotation
-Extension: Depression, adduction, downward rotation

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20
Q

Elbow flexion and extension D1 and D2?

A

Flexion or extension (for both flex/ext)

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21
Q

Forearm flexion and extension D1 and D2?

A

Flexion: Supination
Extension: Pronation

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22
Q

Wrist flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, radial deviation
-Extension, ulnar deviation

23
Q

Hand flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, adduction
-Extension, abduction

24
Q

Shoulder flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion, ABD, ER
-Extension, ADD, IR

25
Q

Scapula flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion: Elevation, abduction, upward rotation
-Extension: Depression, adduction, downward rotation

26
Q

Wrist flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion: extension, radial deviation
-Extension: flexion, ulnar deviation

27
Q

Hand flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion: extension, ABD
-Extension: flexion, ADD

28
Q

Hip flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion, adduction, external rotation
-Extension, abduction, internal rotation

29
Q

Knee flexion and extension D1 and D2?

A

-Flexion
-Extension

30
Q

Ankle flexion and extension D1?

A

-Flexion: Dorsiflexion, Inversion
-Extension: Plantarflexion, Eversion

31
Q

Toes flexion and extension D1 and D2?

A

-Flexion: extension
-Extension: flexion

32
Q

Hip flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion, abduction, internal rotation
-Extension, adduction, external rotation

33
Q

Ankle flexion and extension D2?

A

-Flexion: Dorsiflexion, eversion
-Extension: Plantarflexion, inversion

34
Q

What are the 3 PNF stretching/relaxation techniques?

A

-Hold-Relax (HR)
-Contract-relax (CR)
-Contract-relax-antagonist-contract

35
Q

What is the purpose of PNF stretching techniques?

A

-Increase flexibility and ROM
-Used for muscular tension/tightness (relaxation techniques)

36
Q

What is the purpose of muscular activation PNF techniques?

A

-Non-optimal motor control
-Strength
-Endurance
-Coordination

37
Q

What are the steps for the Hold-Relax HR?

A

-Move until resistance is felt
-Hold isometric contraction for 5-10 seconds
-Passively move to increase range
-Repeat sequence 3-4 times

38
Q

What type of muscle is primarily involved for Hold-Relax? What type of inhibition?

A

Agonist; Autogenic inhibition

39
Q

What type of muscle is involved with Contract-Relax? What type of inhibition?

A

Antagonist; Reciprocal inhibition

40
Q

What are the steps for the Contract-Relax (CR) technique?

A

-PT moves affected body part to limitation (point where resistance or gentle stretch is felt)
-Resistance is applied to activate antagonist (muscle opposite of muscle being stretched) for 5-10 seconds
-PT moves body part into new range passively
-Repeat 3-4 times or when needed

41
Q

What are the steps of the Hold-Relax-Antagonist-Contract technique?

A

-PT moves body part to limitation
-PT applies resistance to activate agonist via isometric hold for 5-10 seconds
-Allow agonist muscle to relax before concentric contraction of antagonist
-Hold new range for 10-15 seconds
-Repeat several times

42
Q

What are the PNF strengthening techniques?

A

-Rhythmic Initiation
-Repeated contraction
-Slow Reversal
-Slow Reversal hold
-Rhythmic stabilization

43
Q

When is Rhythmic Initiation used?

A

-For patients that are unable to initiate movement and who have limited ROM because of an increase in tone
-Teach movement pattern

44
Q

What is the order of ROM for rhythmic initiation? Which muscles are focused on with this technique?

A

-PROM>AAROM>AROM without resistance
-Agonist movers
-Do each ROM 4-6 times in the diagonal movement plane

45
Q

Example of Rhythmic Initiation

A

Scapular patterns flexion/extension
-pt sidelying, PT moves scapula between anterior shoulder and inferior angle of scapula
-PROM, AAROM, and AROM 4-6x

46
Q

When is the Repeated Contraction technique used? What type of muscle is addressed?

A

-For pts with weakness at a specific point in pattern or throughout the entire pattern (ROM)
-Targets agonist movers

47
Q

What occurs during Repeated Contraction? Purpose?

A

-Designed to correct an imbalance that occurs during the pattern (ROM) by repeating the weakest portion of the range
-Repeated, dynamic contractions of agonist concentrically against maximal resistance until fatigue

48
Q

What is the Slow Reversal technique used for? What type(s) of muscles are targeted?

A

-Useful in development of AROM and normal reciprocal timing of the agonist and antagonist muscles
-Reversal of agonists

49
Q

What occurs during Slow Reversal?

A

Isotonic contraction of the agonist muscle followed by an isotonic contraction of the antagonist muscle

50
Q

What occurs during the Slow Reversal Hold?

A

Isotonic contraction of agonist followed by an isometric contraction with command of “hold” at the end of active range

51
Q

What is Slow Reversal Hold used for? What muscle(s) are targeted?

A

-Designed to develop strength at a specific point in AROM
-Reversal of agonists

52
Q

What is Rhythmic Stabilization used for? What type of muscle is targeted?

A

-To promote stability via co-contraction of proximal muscle stabilization of trunk, pelvic girdle, or shoulder
-Reversal of agonists

53
Q

Example of Rhythmic Stabilization?

A

-Patient sidelying with knees bent
-PT hands on anterior pelvis and posterior rib cage
-PT provides gentle perturbations for 5-10 seconds
-Repeat several times

508 (11 decks)

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