The speaking brain Flashcards

1
Q

A store of the abstract speech sounds that make up known words

A

Phonological lexicon

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2
Q

The process of matching a perceptual description of a word onto a stored memory description of that word

A

Lexical access

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3
Q

In lexical access, a large number of spoken words are initially considered as candidates but words get eliminated as more evidence accumulates

A

Cohort model

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4
Q

The point at which the acoustic input unambiguously corresponds to only one known word

A

Uniqueness point

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5
Q

The extent to which a word can evoke a concrete image; ex: “table” is high on this measurement but “truth” is low

A

Imageability

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6
Q

An event-related component in EEG found when a word meaning appears out of context or unexpectedly

A

N400

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7
Q

Not tied to one or more perceptual systems

A

Amodal

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8
Q

A type of noun denoting
a unique entity such as
people and place names,
e.g., “Donald Trump” or
“Washington DC.”

A

Proper name/Proper noun

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9
Q

The problem of defining concepts without assuming some preexisting knowledge

A

Symbol grounding problem

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10
Q

The idea that the body (its movement, or internal state) can be used in cognition (ex: to understand words, or social situations)

A

Embodied cognition

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11
Q

A model of semantic memory that contains both amodal concepts (the hub) and semantic features that are grounded in the sensory, motor and bodily cortex (the spokes)

A

Hub-and-spokes model

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12
Q

The hypothesis that semantic features are clustered in the brain according to what they are used for and what their physical properties are

A

Sensory-functional distinction

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13
Q

A type of aphasia traditionally associated with damage to Wernicke’s area and associated with fluent but nonsensical speech and poor comprehension

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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14
Q

A type of aphasia traditionally associated with damage to Broca’s area and linked to symptoms such as agrammatism and articulatory deficits

A

Broca’s aphasia

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15
Q

The order and structure of the words within a sentence

A

Syntax

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16
Q

Halting ‘telegraphic’ speech production that is devoid of function words (ex: of, at, the, and), bound morphemes (ex: -ing, -s) and often verbs

A

Agrammatism

17
Q

The process of assigning a syntactic structure to words

18
Q

A sentence in which the early part biases a syntactic interpretation that turns out to be incorrect

A

Garden-path sentences

19
Q

An event-related brain potential typically associated with the processing of grammatical anomalies

20
Q

In speech production, the selection of a word based on the meaning that one wishes to convey

A

Lexicalization

21
Q

The substitution of one word for another that is sometimes thought to reflect the hidden intentions of the speaker

A

Freudian slip

22
Q

A speech error that consists of a word with a similar phonological form to the intended word

A

Malapropisms

23
Q

A speech error in which initial consonants are swapped between words

A

Spoonerisms

24
Q

Use of words or images without audible or physical speaking

A

Inner speech

25
A state in which a person knows, conceptually, the word that he or she wishes to say but is unable to retrieve the corresponding spoken form
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
26
Word-finding difficulties
Anomia
27
A modality-independent word-level entry that specifies the syntactic components of the word
Lemma
28
The phonological code that drives articulation
Lexeme
29
Difficulties in shaping the vocal tract
Apraxia for speech
30
Impaired muscular contractions of the articulatory apparatus
Dysarthria