The hearing brain Flashcards

1
Q

Sounds with a sinusoid waveform (when pressure change is plotted against time)

A

Pure tones

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2
Q

The perceived property
of sounds that enables
them to be ordered from
low to high

A

Pitch

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3
Q

The perceived intensity of
the sound

A

Loudness

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4
Q

The lowest frequency component of a complex sound that determines the perceived pitch

A

Fundamental frequency

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5
Q

If the fundamental
frequency of a complex
sound is removed, then
the pitch is not perceived
to change (the brain
reinstates it)

A

Missing fundamental
phenomenon

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6
Q

The perceptual quality
of a sound enables us
to distinguish between
different musical instru-
ments

A

Timbre

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7
Q

Part of the inner ear that
converts liquid-borne
sound into neural im-
pulses

A

Cochlea

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8
Q

A membrane within the
cochlea containing tiny
hair cells linked to neural
receptors

A

Basilar membrane

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9
Q

The main cortical area to
receive auditory-based
thalamic input

A

Primary auditory cortex

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10
Q

Part of the secondary
auditory cortex, with
many projections from
the primary auditory
cortex

A

Belt region

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11
Q

Part of the secondary
auditory cortex, receiving
projections from the
adjacent belt region

A

Parabelt region

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12
Q

The principle that sounds
close to each other in
frequency are represented by neurons that are spatially close to each
other in the brain

A

Tonotopic organization

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13
Q

In fMRI, a short break
in scanning to enable
sounds to be presented
in relative silence

A

Sparse scanning

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14
Q

The difference in timing
between a sound arriving
in each ear (used to
localize sounds).
Inter-aural intensity
difference

A

Inter-aural time difference

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15
Q

The difference in loud-
ness between a sound
arriving in each ear (used
to localize sounds)

A

Inter-aural intensity
difference

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16
Q

An internal model of
sounds get distorted by
the unique shape of
one’s own ears and head

A

Head-related transfer
function

17
Q

A part of the auditory
cortex (posterior to the
primary auditory cortex)
that integrates auditory
information with non-auditory information, for ex-
ample to enable sounds
to be separated in space

A

Planum temporale

18
Q

The division of a complex
auditory signal into
different sources or
auditory objects

A

Auditory stream
segregation

19
Q

An ERP component that
occurs when an auditory
stimulus deviates from
previously presented
auditory stimuli

A

Mismatch negativity
(MMN)

20
Q

The problem of attending to
a single auditory stream in
the presence of competing
streams (with different
acoustic and spatial
properties)—for instance,
attending to one person’s
voice in a noisy room of
other voices

A

Cocktail party problem

21
Q

An auditory agnosia in
which music perception
is affected more than
the perception of other
sounds

22
Q

A developmental difficulty in perceiving pitch relationships

A

Tone-deafness (congenital amusia)

23
Q

Changes in the stress
pattern of speech (e.g.,
to add emphasis), the
rhythm of speech or the
intonation (e.g., rising/
falling pitch to indicate
questioning or sarcasm)

24
Q

Patterns of pitch over
time

25
Type of auditory agnosia in which patients are able to identify environmental sounds and music but not speech
Pure word deafness
26
Plots the frequency of sound (y-axis) over time (x-axis) with the intensity of the sound represented by how dark it is
Spectrogram
27
Different spoken/acoustic renditions of the same phoneme
Allophones
28
Horizontal stripes on the spectrogram produced with a relative free flow of air (e.g., by vowels)
Formants
29
Vibration of the vocal cords that characterizes the production of some consonants
Voicing
30
The production of one phoneme is influenced by the preceding and proceeding phonemes
Co-articulation
31
A white matter bundle that connects the temporoparietal region to the frontal lobes
Arcuate fasciculus
32
An auditory percept derived from a fusion of mismatching heard speech and seen speech
McGurk illusion