The acting brain Flashcards

1
Q

There are potentially an infinite number of motor solutions for acting on an object

A

Degrees of freedom problem

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2
Q

Stored routines that specify certain motor parameters of an action (ex: the relative timing of strokes)

A

Motor programs

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3
Q

A cluster of perceptual processes that relate to the skin and body, and include touch, pain, thermal sensation and limb position

A

Somatosensation

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4
Q

Knowledge of the position of the limbs in space

A

Proprioception

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5
Q

Linking together perceptual knowledge of objects in space and knowledge of the position of one’s body to enable objects to be acted on

A

Sensorimotor transformation

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6
Q

The problem of explaining volitional acts without assuming a cognitive process that is itself volitional (‘a man within a man’)

A

Homunculus problem

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7
Q

Responsible for execution of voluntary movements of the body

A

Primary motor cortex

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8
Q

Damage to one side of the primary motor cortex results in a failure to voluntarily move the other side of the body

A

Hemiplegia

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9
Q

The sum of the preferred tunings of neurons multiplied by their firing rates

A

Population vector

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10
Q

The lateral area is important for linking action with visual objects in the environment; the medial area is known as the supplementary motor area and deals with self-generated actions

A

Premotor cortex

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11
Q

Deals with well-learned actions, particularly action sequences that do not place strong demands on monitoring the environment

A

Supplementary motor area (SMA)

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12
Q

Repeating an action that has already been performed and is no longer relevant

A

Perseveration

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13
Q

Impulsively acting on irrelevant objects in the environment

A

Utilization behavior

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14
Q

An organized set of stored information (ex: of familiar action routines)

A

Schema

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15
Q

The mechanism that selects one particular schema to be enacted from a host of competing schemas

A

Contention scheduling

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16
Q

The subjective feeling that voluntary actions are owned and controlled by the actor

A

Sense of agency

17
Q

A representation of the motor command (a so-called efference copy is used to predict the sensory consequences of an action

A

Forward model

18
Q

The phenomenon that voluntary actions and their sensory consequences appear closer together in time than they really are

A

Intentional binding

19
Q

The ability to reproduce the behavior of another through observation

20
Q

A neuron that responds to goal-directed actions performed by oneself or by others

A

Mirror neuron

21
Q

The inability to use vision to accurately guide action, without basic deficits in visual discrimination or voluntary movement per se

A

Optic ataxia

22
Q

A part of the occipitoparietal cortex that responds, in particular, to reaching movements

A

Parietal reach region (PRR)

23
Q

A part of the intraparietal sulcus that responds, in particular, to manipulable shapes or 3D objects (from vision or touch)

A

Anterior intraparietal area (AIP)

24
Q

A part of the intraparietal sulcus that responds to objects close to the body and in body-centered (as opposed to gaze-centered) coordinates

A

Ventral intraparietal area (VIP)

25
The feeling that an amputated limb is still present
Phantom limb
26
An object that affords certain actions for specific goals
Tool
27
Structural properties of objects imply certain usages
Affordances
28
An inability to produce appropriate gestures given an object, word or command
Ideomotor apraxia
29
A disease associated with the basal ganglia and characterized by a lack of self-initiated movement
Parkinson's disease
30
A reduction in movement
Hypokinetic
31
An increase in movement
Hyperkinetic
32
A genetic disorder affecting the basal ganglia and associated with excessive movement
Huntington's disease
33
A psychiatric disorder with an onset in childhood characterized by the presence of motor and/or vocal tics
Tourette's syndrome