The lesioned brain Flashcards
A name for a variety of methods that stimulate the brain noninvasively (outside the skull) including by magnetic, electrical and ultrasound methods
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS)
Noninvasive stimulation of the brain caused by magnetic induction from a rapidly changing electrical current in a coil held over the scalp
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Noninvasive stimulation of the brain caused by passing a weak electrical current through it, either direct currents (tDCS) or alternating currents (tACS)
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES)
A surgical procedure in which fibres of the corpus callosum are severed
Split-brain
Disruption in the blood supply to the brain; also called cerebrovascular accidents (CVA)
Strokes
Over-elastic region of an artery that is prone to rupture
Aneurysm
A situation in which a patient is impaired on a particular task A but relatively spared on another task B
Single dissociation
If two tasks share the same neural/cognitive resource but one task uses it more, then damage to this resource will affect one task more than the other
Task-resource artifact
One task is performed worse than another because the task is performed suboptimally (but not because some aspect of the task is compromised)
Task-demand artifact
Two single dissociations that have complementary profile of abilities
Double dissociation
Difficulties in spelling and writing
Dysgraphia
A cluster of different symptoms that are believed to be related in some meaningful way
Syndrome
In neuropsychology, the performance of different patients is combined to yield a group average
Group studies
In cognitive neuropsychology, the data from different patients are not combined
Single-case studies
Lesions affect one or more components within the preexisting cognitive system but do not result in a completely new cognitive system being built
Transparency assumption
