The remembering brain

Question 1

Memory for information currently held ‘in mind’; it has limited capacity

Answer 1

Short-term memory

Question 2

Memory for information that is stored but need not be consciously accessible; it has an essentially unlimited capacity

Answer 2

Long-term memory

Question 3

A system for the temporary storage and manipulation of information

Answer 3

Working memory

Question 4

Silently mouthing words while performing some other task (typically a memory task)

Answer 4

Articulatory suppression

Question 5

Memories that can be consciously accessed and, hence, can typically be declared

Answer 5

Declarative memory - Explicit memory

Question 6

Memories that cannot be consciously accessed (ex: procedural memory)

Answer 6

Non-declarative memory - Implicit memory

Question 7

Memory for skills such as riding a bike

Answer 7

Procedural memory

Question 8

Conceptually based knowledge about the world, including knowledge of people, places, the meaning of objects and words

Answer 8

Semantic memory

Question 9

Memory of specific events in one’s own life

Answer 9

Episodic memory

Question 10

Memory for events that have occurred after brain damage

Answer 10

Anterograde memory

Question 11

Memory for events that occurred before brain damage

Answer 11

Retrograde memory

Question 12

The process by which moment-to-moment changes in brain activity are translated into permanent structural changes in the brain

Answer 12

Consolidation

Question 13

An increase in the long-term responsiveness of a postsynaptic neuron in response to stimulation of a presynaptic neuron

Answer 13

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 14

The observation that memories from early in life tend to be preserved in amnesia

Answer 14

Ribot’s law

Question 15

Neurons that respond when an animal is in a particular location in allocentric space (normally found in the hippocampus)

Answer 15

Place cells

Question 16

Neurons that respond when an animla is in particular locations in an environment such that the responsive locations form a repeating grid-like pattern

Answer 16

Grid cells

Question 17

A memory test in which
participants must decide
whether a stimulus was
shown on a particular
occasion

Answer 17

Recognition memory

Question 18

Participants must produce previously seen stimuli without a full prompt being given

Answer 18

Recall

Question 19

Context-free memory in which the recognized item just feels familiar

Answer 19

Familiarity

Question 20

Context-dependent memory that involves remembering specific information from the study episode

Answer 20

Recollection

Question 21

Information that is processed semantically is more likely to be remembered than information that is processed perceptually

Answer 21

Levels-of-processing account

Question 22

Events are easier to remember when the context at retrieval is similar to the context at encoding

Answer 22

Encoding specificity hypothesis

Question 23

Retrieval of a memory causes active inhibition of similar competing memories

Answer 23

Retrieval-induced forgetting

Question 24

Forgetting arising because of a deliberate intention to forget

Answer 24

Directed forgetting

Question 25

The act of remembering construed in terms of making inferences about the past, based on what is currently known and accessible

Answer 25

Constructive memory

Question 26

A memory that is either partly or wholly inaccurate but is accepted as a real memory by the person doing the remembering

Answer 26

False memory

Question 27

The process by which retrieved memories are attributed to their original context

Answer 27

Source monitoring

Question 28

A memory that is false and sometimes self-contradictory without an intention to lie

Answer 28

Confabulation