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Head And Neck > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is in the skull, with the sutures?

A

Fibrous

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2
Q

How many bones are joined by sutures in the skull?

A

22

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3
Q

Cavities of the skull: (6)

A

Cranial

Orbits

Nasal

Oral

Ears

Paranasal sinuses

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4
Q

What are holes where nerves and blood vessels pass?

A

Foramina

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5
Q

Which bones directly contribute to the formation of the brain case?

A

Cranial bones

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6
Q

Which cranial bones are paired bones?

A

Parietal and temporal

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7
Q

Which cranial bones are unpaired?

A

Frontal

Sphenoid

Ethan oil

Occipital

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8
Q

Cranial bones

A 
Frontal (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1) 
Occipital (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
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9
Q

Bones which form a foundation of the face and jaw, but do not contribute to the brain case

A

Facial bones

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10
Q

Which facial bones are paired?

A

Nasal

Maxillary

Zygomatic

Lacrimal

Palatine

Inferior nasal conchae

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11
Q

Unpaired facial bones:

A

Mandible

Vomer

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12
Q

Which bone forms the skeleton of the forehead? What does it articulate with?

A

Frontal bone

Nasal and zygomatic bones

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13
Q

What bone forms the roof of the orbit and floor of the anterior part of the cranial cavity?

A

Frontal bone

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14
Q

What is the intersection of the frontal and nasal bones?

A

Nasion

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15
Q

Supra orbital parts to the frontal bone

A

Supra-orbital margin

Supraorbital foramen (or notch)

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16
Q

What is the ridge in the frontal bone that is superior to the supraorbital margin?

A

Superciliary arch

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17
Q

The smooth area between the superciliary arches

A

Glabella

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18
Q

What bones form the prominences of the cheeks, lie on the inferolateral sides of the orbits and rest on the maxillae?

A

Zygomatic bones

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19
Q

A small _____ _____ pierces the lateral aspect of each zygomatic bone

A

Zygomaticofacial foramen

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20
Q

Paired nasal bones articulate with each other in the ______, and with the ______ bone superiorly.

A

Midline

Frontal

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21
Q

What is the anterior nasal opening of the cranium?

A

Piriform aperture

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22
Q

What can be observed, dividing the nasal cavity into right and left parts?

A

Nasal septum

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23
Q

What is paired conchae, visible through the nasal aperture

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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24
Q

Maxillae form the ____ ____ and are united at the ______ _____ in the median plane

A

Upper jaw

Intermaxillary suture

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25
Q

What part of the maxillae supports bone for the maxillary teeth?

A

Alveolar processes

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26
Q

The maxillae has connection with the _____ bones laterally and have an _____-_____ foramen inferior to each orbit

A

Zygomatic

Infra-orbital foramen

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27
Q

U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw.

A

Mandible

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28
Q

The mandible has an ______ _____ supporting the ____ ___.

A

Alveolar process

Lower teeth

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29
Q

Parts of the mandible

A

Body

Ramus

Condyle

Coronoid Process

Angle

Mental foramen

Mandibular foramen

Mandibular symphysis

Oblique line

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30
Q

Horizontal portion of the mandible- forms the chin

A

Body

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31
Q

Vertical extension of the mandibular body on either side.

A

Ramus

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32
Q

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

A

Condyle

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33
Q

Anterior portion of the ramus (of the mandible)- site of muscle attachment

A

Coronoid process

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34
Q

Posterior point of the mandible at which the ramus meets the body.

A

Angle

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35
Q

Where is the mental foramen located?

A

In the mandible between the 1st and 2nd premolars

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36
Q

Where is the mandibular foramen located?

A

On the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus

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37
Q

What is the purpose of the mandibular foramen?

A

Permits passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation

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38
Q

What is the region where the two halves of the mandible fuse?

A

Mandibular symphysis

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39
Q

Where does the oblique line pass?

A

From inferior of the ramus onto the body of mandible

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40
Q

Lateral aspect of the cranium, AKA:

A

Norma Lateralis

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41
Q

The lateral aspect of the cranium is formed by both the ______ and the _____.

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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42
Q

Where is most of the temporalis muscle Located?

A

Temporal fossa

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43
Q

What are the temporal fossa boundaries?

A

Superior and posterior: Superior and inferior temporal lines

Anterior: Frontal and zygomatic bones

Inferior: Zygomatic arch

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44
Q

The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of what?

A

The temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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45
Q

Parts of the temporal bone

A

Squamous

Zygomatic process

Tympanic part

Mastoid process

External acoustic foramen

Styloid process

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46
Q

What is the Squamous part of the temporal bone? What does it articulate with?

A

A large flat plate articulating with greater wing of the sphenoid anteriorly, and with a parietal bone superiorly.

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47
Q

What is the anterior bony projection from the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

Zygomatic process

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48
Q

What does the zygomatic process articulate with?

A

The temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch

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49
Q

Where is the tympanic part of the temporal bone located?

A

Below the origin of the zygomatic process

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50
Q

Where does the mastoid process of the temporal bone lie?

A

Posteroinferior to the external acoustic meatus

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51
Q

The external acoustic foramen is the entrance to the _____ _____ ____ (__ __), which leads to the ___ ____ (____)

A

External acoustic meatus (ear canal)

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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52
Q

What is the slender projection of bone in the temporal bone, that lies anteromedial to the mastoid process

A

Styloid process

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53
Q

What suture joins the frontal and parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

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54
Q

What suture joins the parietal and occipital bones?

A

Lambdoid suture

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55
Q

An H-shaped formation of sutures that unite the frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing), and temporal bones.

A

Pterion

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56
Q

The pterion bone is thin and overlies what?

A

The anterior division of the middle meningeal artery

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57
Q

Occipital aspect of the cranium, AKA:

A

Norma occipitalis

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58
Q

What is the Norma occipitalis formed by?

A

Occipital bone, parts of the parietal bones, and parts of mastoid of the temporal bone

59
Q

Elevation in the median plan of the norma occipitalis

A

External occipital protuberance (EOP)

60
Q

What extends laterally from each side of the EOP?

A

Superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line (less distinct)

61
Q

What is the lambda of the norma occipitalis formed by?

A

The intersection of the Sagittal and lambdoid sutures

62
Q

Superior aspect of the cranium, AKA:

A

Norma vericalis

63
Q

The norma vericalis broadens ______ and the _____ ____

A

Posterolateral

Parietal eminences

64
Q

What suture unites the frontal and parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

65
Q

What suture unites the right and left parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

66
Q

What suture unites the occipital bone with the right and left parietal and temporal bones?

A

Lambdoid suture

67
Q

What is the landmark formed by the intersection of the Sagittal and coronal sutures?

A

Bregma

68
Q

What is the vertex?

A

The superior part of the cranium, near the midpoint of the Sagittal suture

69
Q

The alveolar arch of the maxillae surround and support the _____ _____.

A

Maxillary teeth

70
Q

What forms the hard palate anteriorly?

Posteriorly?

A

Anteriorly- palatine process of the maxillae

Posteriorly- Horizontal plates of the palatine bones

71
Q

What are the three foramina open on the oral aspect of the hard palate?

A

Incisive fossa

Lesser palatine foramen

Greater palatine foramen

72
Q

Where is the incisive fossa located?

A

Posterior to the central incisor

73
Q

Where is the lesser palatine located?

A

On the posterolateral part of the hard palate

74
Q

Where is the greater palatine foramen located?

A

On the posterolateral part of the hard palate, posterior to the lesser palatine foreamen

75
Q

What is the thin flat bone that forms a part of the bone nasal septum?

A

Vomer

76
Q

Choanae, AKA:

A

Posterior nasal apertures

77
Q

What separates the choanae from each other?

A

The vomer

78
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone located?

A

Between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones.

79
Q

What are the three pairs of processes of the sphenoid bone?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

Pterygoid process

80
Q

The pterygoid processes extend _______ on each side of the _____ from the:

A

Inferiorly

Sphenoid

Junction of the body and greater wings

81
Q

The pterygoid processes constitute of :

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

82
Q

Where is the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube located?

A

Medial to the spine of the sphenoid, inferior to the junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone

83
Q

_______ foassae, depressions in the ____________ accommodate the heads of the mandible

A

Mandibular fossa

Squamous part of the temporal bone

84
Q

Where is the foreamen magnum located?

A

Within the occipital bone

85
Q

How does the cranium articulate with the vertebral column?

A

With occipital condyles

86
Q

What is the large opening between the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Jugular foramen

87
Q

The carotid canal is anterior to the:

A

Jugular foramen

88
Q

Where is the stylomastoid foramen located?

A

Between the styloid and mastoid processes

89
Q

What are the three depressions in the internal surface of the cranial base?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa

Posterior cranial fossa

90
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa formed by?

A

Anteriorly- frontal bone

Centrally- ethmoid bone

Posteriorly- body and lesser wings of the sphenoid

91
Q

What are the features of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Orbital plates of the frontal bone (forms roof of the orbits)

Frontal crest (median bony extension of the frontal bone)

Crista Galli (median ridge of bone that projects superiorly from the ethmoid)

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid (each side of the cristal galli)

92
Q

The middle cranial fossa is ______-shapes. It is formed By:

A

Butterfly

The greater wings of the sphenoid, squamous parts of the temporal bones laterally, and petrous parts of the temporal bones posteriorly

93
Q

Features of the middle cranial fossa (8)

A

Sella turcica

Superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bones

Sphenoidal crests

Foramen lacerum

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

94
Q

The sells turcica, on the body of the _____ is surrounded by:

A

Sphenoid

The anterior and posterior clinoid processes

95
Q

What does the superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bones form?

A

The lateral boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa

96
Q

What are the sharp posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bones?

A

Sphenoidal crests

97
Q

The sphenoidal crests end ________ by forming:

A

Medially

Anterior clinoid processes

98
Q

The foramen lacerum lies where?

A

Posterolateral to the hypophyseal fossa

99
Q

What is the opening between the greater and lesser wings that communicates with the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

100
Q

What is the circular foramen located posterior to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure?

A

Foramen rotundum

101
Q

What is the oval foramen located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum?

A

Foramen ovale

102
Q

Where is the foramen spinosum located?

A

Posterolateral to the foramen ovale

103
Q

What is the largest and deepest of the cranial fossae?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

104
Q

A marked incline behind the sella turcica which leads to the foramen magnum

A

Clivus

105
Q

What are the features of the posterior cranial fossa? (5)

A

Clivus

Internal occipital crest

Transverse and sigmoid sinuses

Internal acoustic meatus

Hypoglossal canals

106
Q

The internal occipital crest begins posterior to the ____ _____ and end superiorly in the _____ ____ ____.

It divides the posterior part of the fossae into:

A

Foramen magnum

Internal occipital protuberance

Two cerebellum fossae

107
Q

Transverse and sigmoid sinuses form ___ ____ that continues with the ______ _____.

A

Broad grooves

Jugular foramen

108
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus located?

A

Anterosuperior to the jugular foramen

109
Q

The hypoglossal canals lie where?

A

Superior to the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum

110
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

111
Q

What is the purpose of the auditory ossicles?

A

To form a mobile chain of small bones across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

112
Q

The malleus is attached to the _____ ____. It has ___, ___, and _____.

A

Tympanic membrane

Head, neck, and handle

(The head of the malleus articulates with the incus)

113
Q

Where is the incus located? What is the purpose?

A

Between the malleus and the stapes and articulates with them

114
Q

The ______ is the smallest ossicles. It attaches to:

A

Stapes

Margins of the oval window

115
Q

The hyoid bone is _______-shapes with a ___ and two pairs of ______

A

Horseshoe

Body

Horns (or cornua)

116
Q

What is the location of the hyoid bone?

A

In the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage at the level of the C3 vertebra

117
Q

Purpose of hyoid bone?

A

Does not articulate with any other bone

Functionally serves as an attachment for anterior neck muscles to keep airway open

118
Q

3 parts of the hyoid bone:

A

Body

Greater horn

Lesser horn

119
Q

The body is the _____ part of the hyped bone. It has an ______ ____ surface and a _____ ______ surface

A

Central

Anterior convex

Concave posterior

120
Q

The greater horn of the hyoid projects from each end of the body in a ______, ______ and ______ direction. It acts as:

A

Posterior, superior and lateral

A site of attachment for numerous neck muscles

121
Q

The lesser horn of the hyoid bone arises from the _____ aspect of the bone, near the:

It projects:

A

Superior

Origin of the greater horn

Superoposteriorly (toward the styloid process of the temporal bone)

122
Q

Where does the stylohyoid ligament attach?

A

To the apex of the lesser horn

123
Q

What is the highest point of the skull?

A

Vertex

124
Q

What is the junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, the squamous portion of the temporal bone, the frontal bone and the parietal bone?

A

Pterion

125
Q

Where is the lambda located?

A

Where the Lambdoidal and Sagittal sutures meet

126
Q

What is the bregma?

A

The union of the coronal and Sagittal sutures

127
Q

What is the Glabella?

A

The most anterior part of the forehead

Formed by the junction of the inferior frontal bone and the root of the nose

128
Q

What is the most prominent point of the external occipital protuberance?

A

Union

129
Q

The Nasion is marked by:

A

The union of the frontonasal and internasal sutures

130
Q

Foramen in the anterior cranial fossa

A

Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

131
Q

What are the contents of the cribiform foramina

A

Olfactory nerves (CNI)

132
Q

Contents of the ant. And post ethmoidal foramina

A

Vessels and nerves with same nerves as foramina

133
Q

Foramina in the middle cranial fossa

A

Optic canals

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Foramen lacerum

Groove or hiatus of greater petrousal nerve

134
Q

Contents of the optic canals

A

Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

135
Q

Contents of the superior orbital fissure

A

Ophthalmic veins; ophthalmic nerve (CN V2)

CN II, IV and VI

Sympathetic fibers

136
Q

Contents of the foreamen rotundum

A

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

137
Q

Contents of the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory menindeal artery

138
Q

Contents of the foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3

139
Q

Contents of the groove/hiatus of the greater personal nerve

A

Greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery

140
Q

Foramina in the posterior cranial fossa

A

Foramen magnum

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

Stylomastoid foramen

141
Q

Contents of the foramen magnum

A

Medulla and meninges

Vertebral arteries

CN XI

142
Q

Contents of the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, and XI

Inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses

143
Q

Contents of the hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

144
Q

Contents of the stylomastoid foramen

A

Facial nerve (VII)

Head And Neck (16 decks)

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