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Head And Neck > Temporal Fossa > Flashcards

Temporal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the temporal region

A

Temporal and infratemporal fossae— superior and inferior to the zygomatic arch, respectively

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2
Q

Where is the temporalis muscle located?

A

Temporal fossa

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

A

Post and superior: sup and inf temporal lines

Anterior: frontal and zygomatic bones

Lateral: zygomatic arch

Inferior: infratemporal crest

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4
Q

The floor of the temporal fossa is formed by what?

A

Parts of the 4 bones (frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid) that form the pterion

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5
Q

What forms the roof of the temporal fossa?

A

Temporalis fascia, which extends from the superior temporal line to the zygomatic arch

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6
Q

Muscles of mastication acting on the mandible and temporomandibular joint

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

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7
Q

Attachment, innervation and action (ANA) of temporalis muscle

A

Proximal attachment: triangular muscle with broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia

Distal attachment: Narrow attachment to tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

NS: deep temporal nerves that arise from the anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Action on mandible: Ant vertical fibers elevate the mandible and close the jaws
- Post horizontal fibers retracts the mandible posteriorly

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8
Q

ANA for masseter (quadrate muscle)

A

Proximal attachment: Inf border and medial surface of zygomatic arch

Distal attachment: angle and lateral surface of ramus of the mandible

NS: masseteric branch- emerges from ant trunk of mandibular nerve

AC: elevated the mandible

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9
Q

ANA for lateral pterygoid (triangular)

A

Prox. Attachment: 2 heads

  • infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid
  • lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Dist. Attachment: -sup. Head- joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ
-inf head- anteromedial aspect of neck of condyle of process of mandible

NS: Nerves to lateral pterygoid (from ant trunk of mandibular nerve)

AC: Bilateral: protracts mandible and depresses chin
Unilaterally: swings jaw toward contralateral side
Alternate unilateral contraction— producers larger lateral chewing movements

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10
Q

ANA for medial pterygoid (quadrangular)

A

Proximal attachment: 2 heads

  • Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  • Tuberosity of maxilla

Distal: Medial surface of ramus of mandible- inf to mandibular foramen

NS: Nerve to medial pterygoid- from ant trunk of mandibular nerve

AC: -synergistic with masseter to elevate mandible

  • Contributes to protrusion
  • Alternate unilateral activity produces small grinding movements
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11
Q

What is the infratemporal fossa?

A

An irregularly shaped space deep and inferior to the zygomatic arch, deep to the ramus of the mandible, post to the maxilla

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12
Q

Boundaries of the infratemporal fossa

A

Laterally: ramus of mandible

Medially: lateral pterygoid plate

Ant: post aspect of the maxilla

Post: tympanic plate & mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone

Sup: inf. Surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone

Inf: where medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the mandible near its angle

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13
Q

Contents of the infratemporal fossa

A

Inf part of the temporalis muscle

Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

Maxillary artery (larger)

Pterygoid venous plexus

Mandibular, inf alveolar, lingual, buccal and chorda tympani nerves and the optic ganglion

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14
Q

What is the larger of the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary art

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15
Q

The maxillary arty arises posterior to the:

It courses anteriorly deep of the:

Then passes superficial or deep to the:

A

Neck of mandible

Neck of the mandibular condyle

Lateral pterygoid

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16
Q

The maxillary artery passes medially from the _____ fossa through the _______ fissure to enter the:

A

Infratemporal

Preygomaxillary

Pterygopalatine fossa

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17
Q

The maxillary divides into ___ parts by its relation to the:

A

3

Lateral pterygoid muscle

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18
Q

Branches of the 1st part of the maxillary artery and what they supply

A

Middle meningeal artery- supplies dura mater and Calvaria

Inferior alveolar artery- supplies the mandible, gingivae, teeth and floor of the mouth

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19
Q

Branches of the 2nd part of the maxillary artery and what they supply

A

Deep temporal arteries- ant and post- ascend to supply the temporalis muscle

Pterygoid arteries- supply the pterygoid muscles (duh)

Masseteric art- passes laterally through the mandibular notch to supply the masseter muscle

Buccal art: supplies the buccinator muscle and mucosa of the cheek

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20
Q

Branches of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery (pterygopalatine)

A

Posterior superior alveolar art

Infra-orbital art

Descending palatine art

Pharyngeal art

Sphenopalatine art

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21
Q

What does the posterior superior alveolar art supply

A

Maxillary molar and premolars teeth

Buccal gingiva

Lining of the maxillary sinus

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22
Q

What does the infra-orbital art supply?

A

The inf eyelid, lacrimal sac, infra-orbital region of the face, side of the nose and the upper lip

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23
Q

What does the descending palatine art supply

A

The mucous membrane and glands of the palate (roof of mouth) and palatine gingiva

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24
Q

What does the pharyngeal art supply

A

Roof of the pharynx, sphenoidal sinus, and inf part of the pharyngotympanic tube

25
Q

What does the sphenopalatine art supply

A

Lateral nasal wall, nasal septum, and adjacent paranasal sinuses

26
Q

What is the termination of the maxillary artery?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

27
Q

What occupies most of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

28
Q

The pterygoid venous plexus is located partly between the ______ and _____ muscles

A

Temporalis

Pterygoid

29
Q

What does the pterygoid venous plexus drain into?

A

Anteriorly to the facial vein via deep facial vein

Mainly drains posteriorly via the maxillary and then the retromandibular veins

30
Q

The mandibular nerve receives the motor root of the _____ nerve and descends through the ____ _____ to enter the ______ fossa, dividing into:

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Foramen ovale

Infratemporal fossa

Anterior and posterior trunks

31
Q

The posterior division of the mandibular nerve gives what branches?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

Inf. Alveolar nerve

Lingual nerve

Chorda tympani nerve

32
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve arises by two roots that encircle the _____ ____ artery and then:

A

Middle meningeal artery

Unite into a single trunk

33
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve pathway

A

Passes posteriorly, medial to the neck of the mandible

34
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply

A

Auricle and temporal region

TMJ

Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland

35
Q

The inf alveolar nerve enters the _____ foramen and passes through the _____ ____, forming the ____ ____ ___.

A

Mandibular

Mandibular canal

Inferior dental plexus

36
Q

What that the inf. Alveolar nerve supply

A

Mandibular teeth

37
Q

The inf alveolar nerve gives what branches?

A

Nerve to mylohyoid- arises just before entering the mandibular foramen

Mental nerve

38
Q

The mental nerve passes through the ____ foramen and supplies the:

A

Mental

Skin and mucous membrane of the Lower lip

39
Q

The lingual nerve lies:

It enters the mouth between:

And passes:

A

Anterior to the inf alveolar nerve

The medial pterygoid and Ramus of mandible

Just inferior to the 3rd molar tooth

40
Q

The lingual nerve supplies:

A

Sensory to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Floor of the mouth

Lingual gingivae

41
Q

The chorda tympani nerve joins the _____ nerve in the ____ fossa

A

Lingual

Infratemporal

42
Q

What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve

A

Carries taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and presynaptic secretomotor fibers for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

43
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Modified hinge type of synovial joint, permitting movement in 2 planes

44
Q

Articular surface of the TMJ

A

Head of the mandible

Auricular tubercle of the temporal bone

Mandibular fossa

45
Q

The articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered by _____

A

Fibrocartilage

46
Q

What divides the TMJ joint cavity into 2 separate synovial compartments?

A

Articular disc

47
Q

Joint capsule of the TMJ is (TIGHT/LOOSE). The thick part of it forms the:

A

Loose

Intrinsic lateral ligament (temporomandicular ligament)

48
Q

What are the 3 extrinsic ligaments that connect the mandible to the cranium?

A

Lateral ligament (temporomandibular ligament)

Stylomandibular ligament

Sphenomandibular ligament

49
Q

The stylomandibular ligament is a thinking of the ____ ____ of the ___ ___.

It runs from the ____ ____ to the:

A

Fibrous capsule

Parotid gland

Styloid process

Angle of the mandible

50
Q

The sphenomandibular ligament runs from the __________ to the:

A

Spine of the sphenoid

Lingual of the mandible

51
Q

Movements of the temporomandibular joint

A

Elevation (close mouth)

Depression (open mouth)

Protrusion (protrude chin)

Retrusion (retried chin)

Lateral movements (grinding and chewing)

52
Q

Elevation of the TMJ is produces by what muscles

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

53
Q

Depression of the TMJ is done by what muscles

A

Lateral pterygoid

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

54
Q

What muscles are responsible for retrusion of the TMJ

A

Temporalis (post. Oblique and near horizontal fibers)

Masseter

55
Q

What muscles are responsible for lateral movements of the TMJ

A

Temporalis of same side

Pterygoid of opposite side

Masseter

56
Q

Does the pterygoid venous plexus have valves?

A

No

-blood can flow in several directions depending on pressure conditions

57
Q

What is the significance of blood flow in the pterygoid venous plexus

A

Bacteria from an infection of dental/oral origin can be carried from the infratemporal fossa to the cavernous sinus. Could result in meningitis or other intracranial infection

58
Q

What is commonly used by dentists when treating mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve block

59
Q

What can cause dislocation of TMJ?

A

Sometimes during yawning or taking a large bite, excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids may cause the heads of the mandibles to dislocate anteriorly, by passing anterior to the articular tubercles.

Head And Neck (16 decks)

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