Temporal Fossa Flashcards by Amanda Pearman

What is included in the temporal region

Temporal and infratemporal fossae— superior and inferior to the zygomatic arch, respectively

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Where is the temporalis muscle located?

Temporal fossa

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What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

Post and superior: sup and inf temporal lines

Anterior: frontal and zygomatic bones

Lateral: zygomatic arch

Inferior: infratemporal crest

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The floor of the temporal fossa is formed by what?

Parts of the 4 bones (frontal, parietal, temporal, and greater wing of the sphenoid) that form the pterion

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What forms the roof of the temporal fossa?

Temporalis fascia, which extends from the superior temporal line to the zygomatic arch

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Muscles of mastication acting on the mandible and temporomandibular joint

Temporalis

Masseter

Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

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Attachment, innervation and action (ANA) of temporalis muscle

Proximal attachment: triangular muscle with broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia

Distal attachment: Narrow attachment to tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

NS: deep temporal nerves that arise from the anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Action on mandible: Ant vertical fibers elevate the mandible and close the jaws
- Post horizontal fibers retracts the mandible posteriorly

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ANA for masseter (quadrate muscle)

Proximal attachment: Inf border and medial surface of zygomatic arch

Distal attachment: angle and lateral surface of ramus of the mandible

NS: masseteric branch- emerges from ant trunk of mandibular nerve

AC: elevated the mandible

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ANA for lateral pterygoid (triangular)

Prox. Attachment: 2 heads

infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid
lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Dist. Attachment: -sup. Head- joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ
-inf head- anteromedial aspect of neck of condyle of process of mandible

NS: Nerves to lateral pterygoid (from ant trunk of mandibular nerve)

AC: Bilateral: protracts mandible and depresses chin
Unilaterally: swings jaw toward contralateral side
Alternate unilateral contraction— producers larger lateral chewing movements

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ANA for medial pterygoid (quadrangular)

Proximal attachment: 2 heads

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Tuberosity of maxilla

Distal: Medial surface of ramus of mandible- inf to mandibular foramen

NS: Nerve to medial pterygoid- from ant trunk of mandibular nerve

AC: -synergistic with masseter to elevate mandible

Contributes to protrusion
Alternate unilateral activity produces small grinding movements

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What is the infratemporal fossa?

An irregularly shaped space deep and inferior to the zygomatic arch, deep to the ramus of the mandible, post to the maxilla

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Boundaries of the infratemporal fossa

Laterally: ramus of mandible

Medially: lateral pterygoid plate

Ant: post aspect of the maxilla

Post: tympanic plate & mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone

Sup: inf. Surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone

Inf: where medial pterygoid muscle attaches to the mandible near its angle

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Contents of the infratemporal fossa

Inf part of the temporalis muscle

Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

Maxillary artery (larger)

Pterygoid venous plexus

Mandibular, inf alveolar, lingual, buccal and chorda tympani nerves and the optic ganglion

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What is the larger of the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Maxillary art

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The maxillary arty arises posterior to the:

It courses anteriorly deep of the:

Then passes superficial or deep to the:

Neck of mandible

Neck of the mandibular condyle

Lateral pterygoid

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The maxillary artery passes medially from the _____ fossa through the _______ fissure to enter the:

Infratemporal

Preygomaxillary

Pterygopalatine fossa

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The maxillary divides into ___ parts by its relation to the:

Lateral pterygoid muscle

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Branches of the 1st part of the maxillary artery and what they supply

Middle meningeal artery- supplies dura mater and Calvaria

Inferior alveolar artery- supplies the mandible, gingivae, teeth and floor of the mouth

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Branches of the 2nd part of the maxillary artery and what they supply

Deep temporal arteries- ant and post- ascend to supply the temporalis muscle

Pterygoid arteries- supply the pterygoid muscles (duh)

Masseteric art- passes laterally through the mandibular notch to supply the masseter muscle

Buccal art: supplies the buccinator muscle and mucosa of the cheek

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Branches of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery (pterygopalatine)

Posterior superior alveolar art

Infra-orbital art

Descending palatine art

Pharyngeal art

Sphenopalatine art

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What does the posterior superior alveolar art supply

Maxillary molar and premolars teeth

Buccal gingiva

Lining of the maxillary sinus

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What does the infra-orbital art supply?

The inf eyelid, lacrimal sac, infra-orbital region of the face, side of the nose and the upper lip

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What does the descending palatine art supply

The mucous membrane and glands of the palate (roof of mouth) and palatine gingiva

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What does the pharyngeal art supply

Roof of the pharynx, sphenoidal sinus, and inf part of the pharyngotympanic tube

What does the sphenopalatine art supply

Lateral nasal wall, nasal septum, and adjacent paranasal sinuses

What is the termination of the maxillary artery?

Sphenopalatine artery

What occupies most of the infratemporal fossa?

Pterygoid venous plexus

The pterygoid venous plexus is located partly between the ______ and _____ muscles

Temporalis Pterygoid

What does the pterygoid venous plexus drain into?

Anteriorly to the facial vein via deep facial vein Mainly drains posteriorly via the maxillary and then the retromandibular veins

The mandibular nerve receives the motor root of the _____ nerve and descends through the ____ _____ to enter the ______ fossa, dividing into:

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Foramen ovale Infratemporal fossa Anterior and posterior trunks

The posterior division of the mandibular nerve gives what branches?

Auriculotemporal nerve Inf. Alveolar nerve Lingual nerve Chorda tympani nerve

The auriculotemporal nerve arises by two roots that encircle the _____ ____ artery and then:

Middle meningeal artery Unite into a single trunk

The auriculotemporal nerve pathway

Passes posteriorly, medial to the neck of the mandible

What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply

Auricle and temporal region TMJ Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland

The inf alveolar nerve enters the _____ foramen and passes through the _____ ____, forming the ____ ____ ___.

Mandibular Mandibular canal Inferior dental plexus

What that the inf. Alveolar nerve supply

Mandibular teeth

The inf alveolar nerve gives what branches?

Nerve to mylohyoid- arises just before entering the mandibular foramen Mental nerve

The mental nerve passes through the ____ foramen and supplies the:

Mental Skin and mucous membrane of the Lower lip

The lingual nerve lies: It enters the mouth between: And passes:

Anterior to the inf alveolar nerve The medial pterygoid and Ramus of mandible Just inferior to the 3rd molar tooth

The lingual nerve supplies:

Sensory to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue Floor of the mouth Lingual gingivae

The chorda tympani nerve joins the _____ nerve in the ____ fossa

Lingual Infratemporal

What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve

Carries taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and presynaptic secretomotor fibers for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Modified hinge type of synovial joint, permitting movement in 2 planes

Articular surface of the TMJ

Head of the mandible Auricular tubercle of the temporal bone Mandibular fossa

The articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered by _____

Fibrocartilage

What divides the TMJ joint cavity into 2 separate synovial compartments?

Articular disc

Joint capsule of the TMJ is (TIGHT/LOOSE). The thick part of it forms the:

Loose Intrinsic lateral ligament (temporomandicular ligament)

What are the 3 extrinsic ligaments that connect the mandible to the cranium?

Lateral ligament (temporomandibular ligament) Stylomandibular ligament Sphenomandibular ligament

The stylomandibular ligament is a thinking of the ____ ____ of the ___ ___. It runs from the ____ ____ to the:

Fibrous capsule Parotid gland Styloid process Angle of the mandible

The sphenomandibular ligament runs from the __________ to the:

Spine of the sphenoid Lingual of the mandible

Movements of the temporomandibular joint

Elevation (close mouth) Depression (open mouth) Protrusion (protrude chin) Retrusion (retried chin) Lateral movements (grinding and chewing)

Elevation of the TMJ is produces by what muscles

Temporalis Masseter Medial pterygoid

Depression of the TMJ is done by what muscles

Lateral pterygoid Suprahyoid Infrahyoid

What muscles are responsible for retrusion of the TMJ

Temporalis (post. Oblique and near horizontal fibers) Masseter

What muscles are responsible for lateral movements of the TMJ

Temporalis of same side Pterygoid of opposite side Masseter

Does the pterygoid venous plexus have valves?

No -blood can flow in several directions depending on pressure conditions

What is the significance of blood flow in the pterygoid venous plexus

Bacteria from an infection of dental/oral origin can be carried from the infratemporal fossa to the cavernous sinus. Could result in meningitis or other intracranial infection

What is commonly used by dentists when treating mandibular teeth?

Inferior alveolar nerve block

What can cause dislocation of TMJ?

Sometimes during yawning or taking a large bite, excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids may cause the heads of the mandibles to dislocate anteriorly, by passing anterior to the articular tubercles.