Anterior Triangle Of The Neck

Question 1

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

Answer 1

Anterior: Median line of the neck

Post: Anterior border of SCM

Superior: Inf border of the mandible

Apex: Jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum

Roof: Formed by subcutaneous tissue containing the platysma

Floor: Formed by the pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland

Question 2

4 subdivisions of the triangle

Answer 2

One unpaired submental triangle

3 small paired triangles:
1- Submandibular
2- Carotid
3- Muscular

Question 3

What divides the 4 smaller triangles?

Answer 3

Digastric and omohyoid muscles

Question 4

Location of the submental triangle

Answer 4

Inferior to the chin

Question 5

Boundaries of the submental triangle

Answer 5

Apex- At the mandibular symphysis

Base- Hyoid bone

Laterally- right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscles

Floor- two mylohyoid muscles, meeting in a medial fibrous raphe

Question 6

Contents of the submental triangle

Answer 6

Several small submental lymph nodes

Small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

Question 7

Boundaries of the submandibular triangle

Answer 7

Superior: inferior border of the mandible

On each side: Anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle

Floor: Mylohyoid and hypoglossal muscles

Question 8

Contents of the submandibular triangle

Answer 8

Submandibular gland (mostly)

Submandibular lymph nodes (each side of the gland and along the inf border of the mandible)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Nerve to mylohyoid muscle

Parts of the facial artery and vein

Submental artery (branch of the facial artery)

Question 9

Boundaries of the carotid triangle

Answer 9

Superiomedial: Posterior belly of the digastric

Inferiormedial: superior belly of the omohyoid

Laterally: Anterior border of the SCM

Question 10

Contents of the carotid triangle

Answer 10

Common carotid artery (at level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (C4 level), dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries)

Carotid sinus @ bifurcation (slight dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery.. innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)through the carotid sinus nerve..)

Carotid body (ovoid mass of tissue lying on the bifurcation of CCA close to carotid sinus)

Question 11

The carotid sinus nerve is a ______ that reacts to changes in:

Answer 11

Baroreceptor

Arterial blood pressure

Question 12

The carotid body is supplied mainly by:

It is a ______ that moniters the:

Answer 12

Carotid sinus nerve (CN IX)

Chemoreceptor

Level of oxygen in the blood

Question 13

Boundaries of the muscular triangle

Answer 13

Superiolaterally: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Inferolaterally: Anterior border of SCM

Medially: Medial plane of the neck

Question 14

Contents of the muscular triangle

Answer 14

Infrahyoid muscles and viscera, such as thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 15

The hyoid bone provides attachments of the _______ muscles Superior to it and the ______ muscles Inferior to it. I steadies or moves by the ____ muscles

Answer 15

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

Hyoid

Question 16

Suprahyoid muscle are superior to the _____ ___ and connects it to the ______

Answer 16

Hyoid bone

Cranium

Question 17

The suprahyoid muscles include the:

Answer 17

Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid and digastric muscles

Question 18

OINA for mylohyoid

Answer 18

OR: Mylohyoid line of mandible

INS: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid bone

NS: Nerve to Mylohyoid, a branch of inf alveolar nerve (from ma mandibular nerve, V3)

AC: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking

Question 19

OINA for geniohyoid

Answer 19

OR: Inf mental spine of mandible

INS: Body of hyoid bone

NS: C1 via hypoglossal nerve (XII)

AC: pulls hyoid snterosuperiorly; shorten floor of mouth, widens pharynx

Question 20

OINA for stylohyoid

Answer 20

OR: Styloid process of temporal bone

INS: body of hyoid bone

NS: Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (VII)

AC: Elevates and retracts hyoid, this elongating floor of mouth

Question 21

OINA for digastric

Answer 21

OR: anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior belly: Mastoid notch of temporal bone

INS: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid (intermediate tendon joins the 2 bellies of digastric muscle and pass through a fibrous sling which connects this tendon to the body and greater horn of hyoid bone)

NS: Anterior belly: Nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)
Post belly: Digastric branch of facial nerve (VII)

AC: Depresses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking

Question 22

Infrahyoid muscles connect the hyoid to the:

Answer 22

Sternum, clavicle and scapula

They Depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking

Question 23

The infrahyoid muscles work with the ______ muscles to:

Answer 23

Suprahyoid muscles

To steady the hyoid, providing a firm base for the tongue

Question 24

2 planes of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 24

Superficial plane—- sternohyoid and omohyoid

Deep plane— sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

Question 25

OINA for sternohyoid

Answer 25

OR: Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle

INS: Body of hyoid bone

NS: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicals

AC: Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

Question 26

OINA for omohyoid

Answer 26

OR: Superior border of scapula near Suprascapular notch

INS: Inf border of hyoid

NS: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

AC: Depresses retracts and steadies hyoid bone

(Two bellies united by an intermediate tendon which is connected to the clavicle by a fascial sling)

Question 27

OINA for sternothyoid

Answer 27

lies under sternohyoid, but is wider

OR: Post. Surface of manubrium of sternum

INS: oblique line of thyroid cartilage immediately superior to the thyroid gland, so it covers the lateral lobe

NS: C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis

AC: Depresses hyoid and elevated larynx