Cranial Meninges

Question 1

What are cranial meninges?

Answer 1

Coverings of the brain that lie immediately internal to the cranium

Question 2

Purpose of the meninges

Answer 2

Protect the brain and form the supporting framework for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses

Question 3

The cranial meninges are composed of what membranous layers?

Answer 3

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

Question 4

Leptomeninx includes the:

And are separated by ____ ___, which contains:

Answer 4

Arachnoid and pia maters

Subarachnoid space

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

____ provides nutrients to the brain. It is formed by the ___ ___ within:

Answer 5

CSF

Choroid plexuses

The 4 ventricles of the brain

Question 6

A two-layered membrane that is adherent to the internal surface of the cranium

Answer 6

Dura mater

Question 7

2 laters of the dura mater

Answer 7

Periosteal layer

Meningeal layer

Question 8

The periosteal layer of the dura mater is formed by the ______ covering the internal surface of the ____.

Answer 8

Periosteum

Calvaria

Question 9

The meningeal layer of the dura mater is a ___ ____ membrane that is continuous with the:

Answer 9

Strong fibrous

Meningeal layer covering the spinal cord

Question 10

What forms the dural infoldings (reflections)?

Answer 10

The internal meningeal layer of the dura reflecting away from the external periosteal layer of the dura

Question 11

Purpose of the dural infoldings

Answer 11

Divides the cranial cavity into compartments and support parts of the brain

Question 12

What are the dural reflections?

Answer 12

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

Diaphragmatic sellae

Question 13

The falx cerebri is a _____-shaped partition that lies in the ________ fissure that separates the:

Answer 13

Sickle

Longitudinal

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

The flax cerebri extends from the ___ ___ of the frontal bone and the ___ ___ of the ethmoid bone anteriorly to the ____ ____ ____ posteriorly

Answer 14

Frontal crest

Crista Galli

Internal occipital protuberance

Question 15

The falx cerebri ends _____ by becoming continuous with the ___ ___.

Answer 15

Posteriorly

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 16

The falx cerebri attaches to the ____ ____ in the _____ and holds it up, giving it a tent-like appearance

Answer 16

Tentorium cerebelli

Midline

Question 17

The tentorium cerebelli is a wide ____ ___ that separates the ___ ___ of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Answer 17

Crescentic septum

Occipital lobes

Question 18

The tentorium cerebelli attaches anteriorly to the ___ ____ of the sphenoid bone, anterolaterally to the ___ ___ of the temporal bone, and posterolateral to the _____ ____ of the occipital bone

Answer 18

Clinoid process

Petrous part

Internal surface

Question 19

What is the tentorial notch?

Answer 19

The anteromedial concave free border, through which the brain stem extends from the posterior into the middle cranial fossa

Question 20

The tentorium cerebelli divides the cranial cavity into _______ and _____ compartments

Answer 20

Supratentorial

Infratentorial

Question 21

The falx cerebelli is a _____ dural infoldings that lies inf to the ____ ___ and partially separates the:

Answer 21

Vertical

Tentorium cerebelli

Cerebellar hemispheres

Question 22

The diaphragma sellae is the ____ and a ___ sheet of dural infolding that is suspended between the ___ ____, forming a partial roof over the ______ fossa.

Answer 22

Smallest

Circular

Clinoid processes

Hypophysial fossa

Question 23

What are the dural venous sinuses

Answer 23

Endothelial-lined spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura

Question 24

Dural venous tributaries are the veins from the:

Answer 24

Surface of the brain and from the fipole of the skull

Question 25

What are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 25

Superior Sagittal sinus Inf Sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinuses Occipital sinus Cavernous sinus Superior petrosal sinuses Inf petrosal sinuses Emissary veins

Question 26

Where does the superior Sagittal sinus lie?

Answer 26

In the convex attached (superior) border of the falx cerebri

Question 27

The sup. Sagittal sinus begins at the ___ ___ and ends near the __ ___ ___ at the:

Answer 27

Crista galli Internal occipital protuberance Confluence of sinuses

Question 28

lateral expansions of the sup sagittal sinus

Answer 28

lateral venous lacunae

Question 29

the sup sagittal sinus receives the ____ ___ veins and communicates on each side through with the ___ ___ ___.

Answer 29

sup cerebral veins lateral venous lacunae

Question 30

what are arachnoid granulations

Answer 30

(collections of arachnoid villi) Tufted prolongations of the arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura mater into the dural venous sinuses and lateral venous lacunae

Question 31

What transfers the CSF to the venous system?

Answer 31

arachnoid granulations

Question 32

which is smaller, superior or inferior sagittal sinus?

Answer 32

inferior

Question 33

the inf sagittal sinus runs in the _____ ____ ___ border of the ____ ____ and ends in the ___ ___.

Answer 33

inferior free concave falx cerebri straight sinus

Question 34

The straight sinus is formed by what?

Answer 34

the union of the inf sagittal sinus w/ the great cerebral vein

Question 35

the straight sinus runs ______ along the line of attachment of the ___ ____ to the ____ ____ to join the:

Answer 35

inferoposteriorly falx cerebri tenrorium cerebelli confluence of sinuses

Question 36

the trasverse sinuses pass laterally from the ____ ___ ___ in the ____ attached margin of the ____ _____, grooving the:

Answer 36

confluence of sinuses posterior tentorium cerebelli occipital bones

Question 37

The transverse sinuses become the ___ ____ at the posterior aspect of the ___ ____ __

Answer 37

sigmoid sinuses petrous temporal bone

Question 38

The sigmoid sinuses follow the __-shaped courses in the __ ___ ___, forming deep grooves where?

Answer 38

S post cranial fossa temporal and occipital bones

Question 39

after forming deep grooves in the temporal and occipital bones, the sigmoid sinuses turn ____, then continue ___ as the ____ after transversing the _____

Answer 39

anteriorly inferiorly IJVs jugular foramen

Question 40

the occipital sinus lies in the attached border of ___ ____ and ends ____ in the:

Answer 40

falx cerebelli superiorly confluence of sinuses

Question 41

The occipital sinus communicates _____ with the :

Answer 41

inferiorly internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 42

the cavernous sinus is located bilaterally on each side of the ___ ____ on the body of the ___ bone

Answer 42

sella turcica sphenoid

Question 43

the cavernous sinus consists of (THICK/THIN)-walled veins that extend from the ___ ___ ___ anteriorly to the _________ posteriorly

Answer 43

sup orbital fissure apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 44

contents in the cavernous sinus

Answer 44

internal carotid art abducent nerve (CN V1)

Question 45

contents in the lateral wall of each cavernous sinus

Answer 45

oculomotor nerve (CN III) trochlear nerve (CN IV) CN V1 and CN V2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Question 46

tributaries to the cavernous sinus

Answer 46

sup and inf ophthalmic veins superficial middle cerebral vein sphenoparietal sinus sup and inf petrosal sinuses pterygoid venous plexuses (through emissary veins) intercavernous sinuses

Question 47

the intercavernous sinuses and and post to the _____ of the ____ gland communicate:

Answer 47

infundibulum pituitary the cavernous sinuses w/ each other

Question 48

the sup petrosal sinuses run from the post end of the ___ ___ to join the ___ ___, there they curve inferiorly to form the:

Answer 48

cavernous sinuses transverse sinuses sigmoid sinuses

Question 49

each sup petrosal sinus lies in the _____ attached margin of the ____ ____, which attaches to the:

Answer 49

anterolateral tentorium cerebelli sup border of the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 50

the inf petrosal sinuses begin at the post end of the ____ ___ and drain them directly into the origin of the:

Answer 50

cavernous sinuses IJVs

Question 51

what connects the inf petrosal sinuses w/ the internal vertebral venous plexus?

Answer 51

basilar plexus

Question 52

what connects the dural venous sinuses w veins outside the cranium

Answer 52

emissary veins

Question 53

arteries of the dura mater

Answer 53

middle meningeal artery (with anterior and posterior branches)

Question 54

the middle meningeal art is a branch of:

Answer 54

maxillary artery

Question 55

the middle meningeal art enders the ____ cranial fossa through the:

Answer 55

middle foramen spinosum

Question 56

the ant branch of the middle meningeal art runs superiorly to the _____ then curves ____ to ascend toward the:

Answer 56

pterion posteriorly vertex of the cranium

Question 57

the post branch of the middle meningeal art runs ______ and ramifies over the ____ aspect of the cranium

Answer 57

posterosuperiorly posterior

Question 58

veins of the dura accompany the:

Answer 58

meningeal arteries

Question 59

innervation of the dura mater

Answer 59

3 divisions of CN V (main innervation) Vagus (CN X) and hypoglassal (CN XII) sup 3 cervical nerves

Question 60

the arachnoid mater and pia mater (___) develop from:

Answer 60

leptomeninx a single layer of mesenchyme surrounding the embryonic brain

Question 61

what passes between the arachnoid and pia

Answer 61

arachnoid trabeculae

Question 62

which is an avascular layer-- arachnoid or pia?

Answer 62

arachnoid mater

Question 63

the pia mater is a (THICK/THIN) membrane that is highly _____ by a network of fine ___ ____ and adheres to the surface of the ____ and follows its ___

Answer 63

thin vascularized blood vessels brain contours

Question 64

what are the 3 meningeal spaces

Answer 64

epidural space subdural space subarachnoid space

Question 65

where is the epidural space located

Answer 65

between the cranium and external periosteal layer of the dura it is not a natural space

Question 66

when does the epidural space become a space?

Answer 66

pathologically (blood extravasation)

Question 67

location of the subdural space

Answer 67

between dura and arachnoic (not a potential space)

Question 68

location of the subarachnoic space

Answer 68

between arachnoid and pia

Question 69

the subarachnoid is a ___ space that contains:

Answer 69

real CSF Trabecular cells cerebral arteries

Question 70

review clinical relevance. not sure he will ask theses

Answer 70

head injuries and such