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Head And Neck > Posterior Triangle Of The Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

The neck joins the ____ to the ___ and ______.

It serves as a:

A

Head

Trunk

Limbs

Major pathway for structures passing between them

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2
Q

What important organs are located in the neck?

A

Larynx

Pharynx

Thyroid

Parathyroid glands

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3
Q

What forms the skeleton of the neck?

A

Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

Hyoid bone

Manubrium of the sternum

Clavicles

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4
Q

Where does the hyoid bone lie?

A

In the anterior part of the neck at C3 level

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5
Q

Structures in the neck are surrounded by:

They are divided into:

A

Superficial fascia

Different partitions by layers of deep cervical fascia

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6
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

A

Cutaneous nerves

Blood and lymph vessels

Superficial lymph nodes

Variable amounts of fat

Anterolaterally: Contains the platysma

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7
Q

What is the muscle of facial expression?

A

Platysma

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8
Q

Attachment of platysma

Innervation:

Action:

A

Superior: Inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

Inferior: Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

Innervation: cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

Action:” draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched indicating tension

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A

Investing

Pretracheal

Prevertebral

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10
Q

The pretracheal layer has what two parts?

A

Muscular

Visceral

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11
Q

The deep cervical fascia supports:

A

The viscera (eg- thyroid glands)

Muscles

Vessels

Deep lymph nodes

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12
Q

Purpose of the deep cervical fascia

A

Provides slipperiness allowing structures in the neck to move or pass over one another without difficulty (like when swallowing and turning the head and neck)

Forms natural cleavage planes, allowing separation of tissues during surgery

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13
Q

Superficial layer of the deep fascia. What does this surround?

A

Investing layer

Entire neck deep to subcutaneous tissue

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14
Q

The investing layer of DCF (deep cervical fascia) splits to enclose:

A

Sternocleidomastoid and
Trapezius muscles

As well as: Parotic and submandibular glands

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15
Q

Attachments of the investing layer of the DCF

A

Superiorly: Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bones, zygomatic arches, inf border of mandible, hyoid and SP of cervical vertebrae

Inferiorly: Manubrium of sternum, clavicles, acromions, spines of the scapulae

Posteriorly: Continuous with C7 SP and nuchal ligament

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16
Q

Where does the suprastenal space lie?

A

Between the 2 layers of investing fascia that enclose the SCM (one layer attaches to the anterior and other to the post surface of the manubrium)

17
Q

Contents of the suprasternal space

A

Anterior jugular veins

Jugular venous arch

Fat

Few deep lymph nodes

18
Q

What layer of the DCF is limited to the anterior part of the neck?

A

Pretracheal layer

19
Q

The pretracheal layer of the CDF extends inferiorly from the _____ into the _____.

Here it blends with:

A

Hyoid

Thorax

Fibrous pericardium covering the heart

20
Q

The pretracheal layers includes a thin _______ part, which encloses:

And a ____ part that encloses:

A

Muscular

Infrahyoid muscles

Visceral part

Thyroid gland

Trachea

Esophagus

21
Q

The visceral part of the pretracheal layer is continuous _____ with the ____ _____

A

Posterosuperiorly

Buccopharyndeal fascia

22
Q

The pretracheal layer blends laterally with the:

A

Carotid sheaths

23
Q

What is the carotid sheath

A

A tubular fascia investment that extends from the cranial bands to the root of the neck

24
Q

The carotid sheath blends anteriorly with:

And posteriorly with:

A

Investing and pretracheal layers of fascia

Prevertebral layers of DCF

25
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath

A

Common and internal carotid arteries

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Carotid sinus nerve

Sympathetic nerve fibers (carotid periarterial plexuses)

26
Q

The carotid sheath communicates with the ______ of the ____ inferiorly and the ___ _____ superiorly.

These communications represent:

A

Mediastinum of the thorax

Cranial cavity

Potential pathways for the spread of infection

27
Q

The prevertebral layer of the DCF forms a:

A

Tubular sheath for the vertebral column and muscles associated with it (such as longus colli and longus capitis)

28
Q

The prevertebral layers of the DCF is fixed to the ___ ___ superiorly,. And fuses with the ___ ___ ____ centrally and ___ vertebra

A

Cranial base

Anterior longitudinal ligament

T3

29
Q

The prevertebral layers extends laterally as the ____ _____ which surrounds the:

A

Axillary sheath

Axillary vessels and brachial plexus

30
Q

What is the largest and most clinically important interfacial space in the neck? Why?

A

Retropharyngeal space

It is the major pathway for the spread of infection

31
Q

The retropharyngeal space is a ___ space that consists of:

A

Potential

Loose connective tissue between the visceral part of the prevertebral layer of DCF and the buccopharyngeal fascia

32
Q

Inferiorly, the buccopharyngeal fascia is continuous with the:

A

Pretracheal layers of the DCF

33
Q

The retropharyngeal space is closed superiorly by:

A

The base of the cranium and on each side by the carotid sheath

34
Q

The retropharyngeal space permits movement of what?

A

Pharynx

Esophagus

Larynx

Trachea

Relative to the vertebral column during swallowing

35
Q

What is the thin layer of fascia that crosses the retropharyngeal space?

A

Alar fascia

36
Q

The alar fascia attaches along the midline of the _______ fascia from the ____ to the level of ____ vertebra.

It extends laterally to blend with the:

A

Buccopharyngeal

Cranium

C7

Carotid sheath

37
Q

What divides each side of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

38
Q

Attachments, innervation and action for SCM

A

Superior attachment: Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Inf attachment: 2 heads

  • Sternal head: Ant surface of manubrium of sternum
  • Clavicular head: Sup surface of medial 3rd of clavicle

IN: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XII), C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

AC: Unilateral contraction (tilts head to same side, rotates so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side)
Bilateral contraction: Neck extension at Atlanto-occipital joins, Flexes cervical

Head And Neck (16 decks)

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