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Head And Neck > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior boundary of Ant. Triangle

A

Median line of neck

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2
Q

Posterior boundary of ant. Triangle

A

Ant border of SCM

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3
Q

Superior boundary of ant triangle

A

Inferior border of mandible

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4
Q

Apex of the ant triangle

A

Jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum

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5
Q

Roof of the ant triangle

A

Formed by subcutaneous tissue constraining the platysma

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6
Q

Floor of ant triangle

A

Formed y pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

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7
Q

Ant triangle is divided into 4 smaller triangles :

A

Submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular

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8
Q

What are the two muscles that divides the ant triangle into smaller triangles

A

Digastric and omohyoid muscles

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9
Q

Contents of the submental triangle

A

Several small submental lymph nodes

Small veins that unite to form the ant. Jugular vein

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10
Q

Boundaries of the submental triangle

A

apex: at the mandibular symphysis.
Base: hyoid bone.
Laterally: right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscles.
Floor: two mylohyoid muscles, which meet in a median fibrous raphe.

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11
Q

Boundaries of the submandibular triangle

A

Superior: inferior border of the mandible.
On each side: anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle.
Floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles.

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12
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle

A 
Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) 
Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
Parts of facial artery and vein
Submental artery
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13
Q

Boundaries of the carotid triangle

A

Superiomedial: posterior belly of the digastric.
Inferiormedial: superior belly of the omohyoid.
Laterally: anterior border of the SCM.

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14
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle

A

Common carotid artery
Carotid sinus
Carotid body

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15
Q

at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (C4 vertebral level), divides into the internal and external arteries.

A

Common carotid artery

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16
Q

at the bifurcation, slight dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery.
Innervated principally by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) through the carotid sinus nerve.
It is a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure.

A

Carotid sinus

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17
Q

an ovoid mass of tissue, lies on the bifurcation of CCA close to carotid sinus.
Supplied mainly by the carotid sinus nerve (CN IX).
It is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood.

A

Carotid body

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18
Q

Boundaries of the muscular triangle

A

Superiolaterally, superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Inferiolaterally, the anterior border of SCM.
Medially, median plane of the neck.

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19
Q

Contents of the muscular triangle

A

The infrahyoid muscles and viscera, such as the thyroid and parathyroid glands

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20
Q

What are the four suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric

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21
Q

These muscles are superior to the hyoid bone and connect it to the cranium.
These muscles also help in elevating the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking

A

Suprahyoid muscles

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22
Q 
Mylohyoid muscle 
O: 
I:
N:
A:
A

Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
Insertion: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid bone.
Innervation: Nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from ma mandibular nerve, V3).
Action: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking.

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23
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

O, I, N, A

A

Origin: Inferior mental spine of mandible.
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone.
Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve (XII).
Action: Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shorten floor of mouth; widens pharynx.

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24
Q

Stylohyoid muscle

O,I, N, A

A

Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone.
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone.
Innervation: Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (VII).
Action: Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth.

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25
Q

Digastric muscle

O,I,N, A

A

Origin:
Anterior belly: Digastric fossa of mandible.
Posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone.

Insertion: Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid. (Intermediate tendon, joins the two bellies of digastric muscle and pass through a fibrous sling which connects this tendon to the body and greater horn of hyoid bone)

Innervation:
Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve).
Posterior belly: digastric branch of facial nerve (VII).

Action: depresses mandible against resistance; elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking.

26
Q

These muscles connect the hyoid to the sternum, clavicle, and scapula, so depress the hyoid ad larynx during swallowing and speaking

A

Infrahyoid muscles

27
Q

The two planes the infrahyoid muscles are split into:

A

Superficial plane: sternohyoid and omohyoid

Deep plane: sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

28
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

O,I,N, A

A

Origin: Manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle.
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone.
Innervation: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicals
Action: Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing.

29
Q

Omohyoid muscles

O,I,N,A

A

Origin: Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch.
Insertion: Inferior border of hyoid.
Innervation: C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis.
Action: Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid bone.

30
Q

Two bellies united. By an intermediate tendon which is connected to the clavicle by a fascial sling

A

Omohyoid

31
Q

Sternothyoid muscle

O,I,N,A

A

Origin: Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum.
Insertion: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage immediately superior to the thyroid gland, so it covers the lateral lobe.
Innervation: C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis.
Action: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx.

32
Q

Lies under the sternohyoid, but is wider

A

Sternothyroid

33
Q

Appears to be a continuation of the sternothyroid muscle

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

34
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle

O,I,N,A

A

Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage.
Insertion: Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid bone.
Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve.
Action: It depresses hyoid and elevates larynx.

35
Q

Arteries in the Ant. Triangle region

A 
Common carotid artery (arteries)
Internal carotid arteries
External carotid arteries
Maxillary artery 
Superficial temporal artery 
Ascending pharyngeal artery 
Occipital artery 
Posterior auriclar artery 
Superior thyroid artery 
Lingual artery 
Fascial artery
36
Q

ascend within the carotid sheath with the IJV and vagus nerve to the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage: where it divides into: internal and external carotid arteries.

A

Right and left common carotid artery

37
Q

begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk behind the right sternoclavicular joint.

A

Right common carotid artery

38
Q

arises from the arch of the aorta and ascends in the neck.

A

Left common carotid artery

39
Q

The direct continuation of the common carotid arteries, have no branches in the neck.
They enter the cranium through the carotid canals and become the main arteries of the brain and structures in the orbits.

A

Internal carotid arteries

40
Q

Supply most structures external to the cranium except part of the forehead and scalp which are supplied by supraorbital artery.

A

External carotid arteries

41
Q

It begins from at the superior border of thyroid cartilage and passes poster-superiorly to the region between the neck of the mandible and lobule of the auricle within the parotid gland.

A

External carotid arteries

42
Q

Gives rise to 6 branches before it divides into two terminal branches: maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

A

External carotid arteries

43
Q

The 6 branches the external carotid artery gives rise to

A 
Ascending pharyngeal artery 
Occipital artery 
Post. Auriclar artery
Superior thyroid artery 
Lingual artery 
Facial artery
44
Q

Veins in the ant. Triangle region

A 
Internal jugular vein with tributaries: 
Inferior petrosal sinus
Fascial vain
Lingual vein 
Pharyngeal vein 
Superior and middle thyroid veins
45
Q

The IJV drains blood from the

A

Brain, ant face, cervical viscera, and deep muscles of the neck

46
Q

begins as the direct continuation of the sigmoid sinus at the jugular foramen from the superior bulb (dilation).

A

IJV

47
Q

 Posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle, the _______ unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

A

IJV

48
Q

The inferior end of the IJV dilates to form the _____________. It’s guarded by valve that permits the blood to go inferiorly.

A

inferior bulb of the IJV

49
Q

Nerves in the ant triangle region

A

Transverse cervical nerve (C2 and C3)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Glossphargyneal
Vagus

50
Q

Supplies the skin covering the ant triangle region

A

Transverse cervical nerve

51
Q

Entrees the submandibular triangle deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle to supply the muscles of the tongue

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

52
Q

It’s branches are located in the submandibular and carotid triangles

A

Glossopharyngeal

53
Q

It’s branches are located int eh submandibular and carotid triangles as well

A

Vagus nerve

54
Q

Posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle, the IJV unties with the ____ to form the _____.

A

Subclavian vein, brachiocephalic vein

55
Q

What does the inferior end of the internal jugular vein dilate to form? What is it guarded by?

A

The inferior bulb of the IJV. It’s guarded by valve that permits the blood to go inferiorly

56
Q

What are tributaries to the internal jugular vein?

A

Inf petrosal sinus

Facial vein

Lingual vein

Pharyngeal vein

Superior and middle thyroid veins

57
Q

What nerves make up the transverse cervical nerve?

A

C2 and C3

58
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve supply?

A

The skin covering the anterior triangle region

59
Q

The hypoglossal nerve (CN___) enters the _____ ___ Deep to the:

A

XII

Submandibular triangle

Posterior belly of the digastric muscle to supply the muscles of the tongue

60
Q

Where are the glossopharyngeal branches located?

A

In the submandibular and carotid triangles

61
Q

Where are the vagus nerves branches located?

A

In the submandibular and carotid triangles

Head And Neck (16 decks)

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