The Skeleton Flashcards
The bones give our body…
and they _______ and ________ our body.
it’s basic shape
support
protect
How many bones is our skeleton made up of?
over 200
Our bones, along with our __________ and __________ allow us to _________.
ligaments
muscles
move
List the three main functions of the skeleton
To support the body
To allow movement
To protect the internal parts of the body.
What would happen to our bodies if we didn’t have a skeleton?
They would collapse like a tent without the tent poles.
What is a joint
Where two bones meet / where bone meets bone
Name the two types of joints
moveable and immoveable
How do bones move?
when muscles contract to pull on a bone
Name three examples of the skeleton protecting the internal parts of the body.
protects the soft material of the brain
What do immoveable joints help do?
Protect the body
What are muscles made of?
protein
Muscles can c__________.
contract
What does to contract mean?
to become shorter
What is a muscle attached to?
bones on either side of a joint
What happens when a muscle contracts?
It pulls on one of the bones to which it is attached. This causes the bone to move while the other bone does not move.
Give an example of what happens when a muscle contracts.
In the upper arm the biceps are attached to the shoulder blade and to one of the bones in the lower arm. When this muscle contracts it pulls the lower bones in the arm upwards.
When a muscle contracts what is the pull of the muscle passed to the bone through?
a tendon
What does the tendon do?
it connects muscle to bone
What is the function of muscles and joints?
to allow movement
To allow them to work properly, tendons do not ___________
because of this they are sometimes __________ if we _________________________________
stretch
damaged
exercise too strenuously when we have not warmed up.
Where can tendons be seen in the arm? name 2
In the arm just below the wrist (especially if you clench your fist)
They can also be felt in the underside of the thigh close to the knee
What is the function of ligaments
ligaments prevent joints from being damaged by reducing the amount of movement between the bones at a joint.
ligaments connect ______________
bone to bone
what is an antagonistic pair of muscles?
Two muscles which carry out opposite effects
Muscles can contract but they cannot make themselves _________
lengthen
What does a muscle need to stretch it?
a second muscle
What do muscles work in….
pairs with each one being lengthened when it’s partner contracts
Given an example of an antagonistic muscle pair working together.
The biceps contract to pull up the lower arm. A second muscle called the triceps contracts to pull down the forearm. This allows the arm to straighten.
What makes the biceps and triceps an antagonistic pair of muscles?
By them carrying out opposite effects
What are the two main types of joints?
Fused and freely moving
Name two types of freely moving joints
Ball and socket
Hinge
What is the main feature of fused joints?
There is no movement between the bones
Name an example of fused joints
The bones in the skull of an adult form a number of fixed joints
What is the liquid in freely moving joints called?
synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid?
The liquid contained in freely moving joints
What is the function of synovial fluid?
This liquid oils the joint and allows the joint to move more freely.
What is another name for freely moving joints
synovial joints
What are the ends of the bones covered in in most freely moving joints?
A tough pad of cartilage
where is cartilage found?
The ends of the bones in freely moving joints
What is the function of cartilage?
It protects the end of the bone and reduces friction in the joint.
Where are ball and socket joints located?
in the shoulders and the hips
What is the function of the ball and socket joints?
They allow movement in all directions
Most joints allow…
movement to take place
Where are hinge joints located?
In the elbows and the knees
What is the function of the hinge joint?
They allow movement in one direction only (similar to the hinge on a door)
Name the parts of a skeleton.
Ahora
