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New Biology > The Skeleton > Flashcards

The Skeleton Flashcards

0
Q

The bones give our body…

and they _______ and ________ our body.

A

it’s basic shape
support
protect

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1
Q

How many bones is our skeleton made up of?

A

over 200

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2
Q

Our bones, along with our __________ and __________ allow us to _________.

A

ligaments
muscles
move

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3
Q

List the three main functions of the skeleton

A

To support the body
To allow movement
To protect the internal parts of the body.

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4
Q

What would happen to our bodies if we didn’t have a skeleton?

A

They would collapse like a tent without the tent poles.

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5
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two bones meet / where bone meets bone

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6
Q

Name the two types of joints

A

moveable and immoveable

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7
Q

How do bones move?

A

when muscles contract to pull on a bone

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8
Q

Name three examples of the skeleton protecting the internal parts of the body.

A

protects the soft material of the brain

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9
Q

What do immoveable joints help do?

A

Protect the body

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10
Q

What are muscles made of?

A

protein

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11
Q

Muscles can c__________.

A

contract

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12
Q

What does to contract mean?

A

to become shorter

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13
Q

What is a muscle attached to?

A

bones on either side of a joint

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14
Q

What happens when a muscle contracts?

A

It pulls on one of the bones to which it is attached. This causes the bone to move while the other bone does not move.

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15
Q

Give an example of what happens when a muscle contracts.

A

In the upper arm the biceps are attached to the shoulder blade and to one of the bones in the lower arm. When this muscle contracts it pulls the lower bones in the arm upwards.

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16
Q

When a muscle contracts what is the pull of the muscle passed to the bone through?

A

a tendon

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17
Q

What does the tendon do?

A

it connects muscle to bone

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18
Q

What is the function of muscles and joints?

A

to allow movement

19
Q

To allow them to work properly, tendons do not ___________

because of this they are sometimes __________ if we _________________________________

A

stretch
damaged
exercise too strenuously when we have not warmed up.

20
Q

Where can tendons be seen in the arm? name 2

A

In the arm just below the wrist (especially if you clench your fist)
They can also be felt in the underside of the thigh close to the knee

21
Q

What is the function of ligaments

A

ligaments prevent joints from being damaged by reducing the amount of movement between the bones at a joint.

22
Q

ligaments connect ______________

A

bone to bone

23
Q

what is an antagonistic pair of muscles?

A

Two muscles which carry out opposite effects

24
Q

Muscles can contract but they cannot make themselves _________

A

lengthen

25
Q

What does a muscle need to stretch it?

A

a second muscle

26
Q

What do muscles work in….

A

pairs with each one being lengthened when it’s partner contracts

27
Q

Given an example of an antagonistic muscle pair working together.

A

The biceps contract to pull up the lower arm. A second muscle called the triceps contracts to pull down the forearm. This allows the arm to straighten.

28
Q

What makes the biceps and triceps an antagonistic pair of muscles?

A

By them carrying out opposite effects

29
Q

What are the two main types of joints?

A

Fused and freely moving

30
Q

Name two types of freely moving joints

A

Ball and socket

Hinge

31
Q

What is the main feature of fused joints?

A

There is no movement between the bones

32
Q

Name an example of fused joints

A

The bones in the skull of an adult form a number of fixed joints

33
Q

What is the liquid in freely moving joints called?

A

synovial fluid

34
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

The liquid contained in freely moving joints

35
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

This liquid oils the joint and allows the joint to move more freely.

36
Q

What is another name for freely moving joints

A

synovial joints

37
Q

What are the ends of the bones covered in in most freely moving joints?

A

A tough pad of cartilage

38
Q

where is cartilage found?

A

The ends of the bones in freely moving joints

39
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

It protects the end of the bone and reduces friction in the joint.

40
Q

Where are ball and socket joints located?

A

in the shoulders and the hips

41
Q

What is the function of the ball and socket joints?

A

They allow movement in all directions

42
Q

Most joints allow…

A

movement to take place

43
Q

Where are hinge joints located?

A

In the elbows and the knees

44
Q

What is the function of the hinge joint?

A

They allow movement in one direction only (similar to the hinge on a door)

45
Q

Name the parts of a skeleton.

A

Ahora

New Biology (17 decks)

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