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Living Things Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the characteristics of living things?
how many are there?
what is another name for them?

A 
Movement                  7            Life Processes
Respiration
Sensitivity
Feeding
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
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2
Q

What is Movement? examples from plants and animals.

A

the ability of an organism to change position

1) Animals move from place to place
2) Plants open and close petals, and turn to face the sun and grow

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3
Q

what is respiration? Why is it needed?

examples from plants and animals

A

the release of energy from food
Plants and animals need this to stay alive
photosynthesis
Breathing

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4
Q

what is sensitivity? examples from plants and animals

what is it also known as?

A

the ability of an organism to gather information and respond to it
response
Animals can react quickly ex. hearing a loud noise
•Plants react to light, water and gravity slowly

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5
Q

what is feeding?
what is it also known as?
example plants + animals

A

how a living thing takes in food or eats something
nutrition
e.g. plants make their own food using energy from the sun
Animals need to eat plants or other animals to get energy

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6
Q

what is excretion?

examples animals + plants

A

excretion is the removal of wastes that have been made in the body of an animal or plant by means of a chemical reaction
animals = sweat, carbon dioxide, urine and water
plants = Water and oxygen (not much as not much goes in)

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7
Q

name 3 characteristics of animals

A

can move
cannot make their own food
divided into vertebrates and invertebrates

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8
Q

what are vertebrates?

eg…

A

animals that have a backbone

humans, dog, fish, birds

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9
Q

what are invertebrates?

eg…

A

animals that do not have a backbone

eg. worms, insects, snails

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10
Q

give three characteristics of plants

A

fixed in one position
make their own food (photosynthesis)
we know the difference between them by studying their leaves and flowers.

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11
Q

how do plants eat?

A

photosynthesis

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12
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

the process by which plants get nutrients from the sun by converting light energy to chemical energy.

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13
Q

can we know every plant and animal to see?

A

no

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14
Q

what do we use to identify different plants and animals?

A

a key

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15
Q

what is a key?

A

a key aids in the identification and naming of types of livings things

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16
Q

give an example of a key

A

vertebrate - fur or no fur - fur = mammal no fur - feathers or no feathers- feathers = bird no feathers - dry skin or moist skin - dry skin = reptile moist skin - scales or no scales - scales = fish no scales = amphibian

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17
Q

What do we use to remeber the characteristics of living things?

A

MRS FERG

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18
Q

what are the eight steps of how to use a microscope?

A
  1. Clean the lens.
  2. Make sure lowest power objective lens is over the stage.
  3. Switch on the light.
  4. Put a drop of water in the middle of the slide.
  5. Place a sample in the drop.
  6. Lower the coverslip at a 45 degree angle to get rid of air bubbles.
  7. Focus on the sample with the lowest power objective lens. Sketch what is seen.
  8. Move to the next power objective lens and sketch what is seen.
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19
Q

how many stages are involved in using a microscope?

A

8

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20
Q

label a microscope diagram

A

.

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21
Q

What is reproduction? Why is it needed?

A

The process of generating offspring

To prevent a species from becoming extinct

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22
Q

what is growth? one cell? more?

A

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically and developing into an adult.
gets bigger
Cell division - forms new cells

23
Q

Why do we say living things have sensitivity?

A

Living things are aware of what is around them

24
Q

how do living things respire?

A

break down food in their cells to supply themselves with energy

25
Q

How do we know the difference between plants?

A

Know the difference between them by studying their leaves and flowers

25
Q

What is the difference between the cells of animals and plants?

A 
Animals = no cell wall only cell membrane
Plants = cell wall outside cell membrane (cell is stronger)
25
Q

most animals are…

A

invertebrates

26
Q

a vertebra is…

A

one of the bones that make up the backbone

27
Q

which is usually more complex, vertebrates or invertebrates?

A

vertebrates

28
Q

What are the differences between animals and plants (scroll down)

A

Animals Plants
Do not move from place to place Move from place to place
Do not make their own food Make their own food
Do not carry out photosynthesis Carry out photosynthesis
Do not have chlorophyll Have chlorophyll
Are non-green Are green
Do not have cell walls Have cell walls

29
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

the green pigment in plants

30
Q

name the five different vertebrate animal groups + examples

A

Fish , amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals

Salmon, Frog, Lizard, Raven, Human

31
Q

what is a plant?

A

a ​living thing that ​grows in ​earth, in ​water, or on other plants, usually has a ​stem, ​leaves, ​roots, and ​flowers, and ​produces ​seeds. It cannot move it’s whole body only parts of it.

32
Q

what is an animal?

A

a living that is not a plant and moves from place to place

33
Q

make a key

A

.

34
Q

what make something alive?

A

if it has the seven characteristics of life

35
Q

name a type of organism that can move it’s whole body and sections of it.

A

mammals

36
Q

what do plants contain and how do they make their own food?

A

Plants contain a green chemical called chlorophyll and can make their own food by photosynthesis

37
Q

why do we divide the animal kingdom into two groups?

A

there is a huge variety of animals

38
Q

Name some ways living things can move?

A

Some organisms can move the entire body
•Some organisms can move part of the body
•eg plants
•Some organisms can move both
their entire body, and each section of the body

39
Q

every living thing carries out the same basic processes but how do they differ?

A

they carry them out in different ways

40
Q

Why do living things need food?

A

for a source of energy

41
Q

how does respiration take place?

A

Glucose in the food is broken down inside cells and energy is released

42
Q

what do most organisms use in respiration?

A

oxygen

43
Q

what is respiration using oxygen called?

A

aerobic respiration

44
Q

what happens if excretion does not take place?

A

the toxic substances that are removed by excretion are poisonous and may harm cells if they are not removed

45
Q

give examples of toxic substances

A

carbon dioxide and urea

46
Q

what does growth mean for micro-organisms?

what does growth mean for multi-celled organisms?

A

For micro-organisms, this means their cell grows to full size before reproducing
•For multi-celled organisms, this means that cells divide, organs grow in size, and systems develop maturity

47
Q

what are offspring?

A

Scientists have a name for the “children” of all living organisms – they say OFFSPRING

48
Q

what is asexual reproduction?

A

Some organisms reproduce from one parent only – this is called ASEXUAL reproduction

49
Q

what is sexual reproduction?

A

Other organisms reproduce by combining one cell from a male with one cell from a female – this is called SEXUAL reproduction

50
Q

What do organisms move towards?

What do organisms move away from?

A

Most organisms move towards things they need and away from things that harm them

51
Q

name some things that cause living things to respond and an example

A

light, sound, touch, chemicals, gravity eg Roots grow downwards in response to gravity, shoots grow towards light

52
Q

Gives examples of living things using sensitivity

A

Both plants and animals use their sense of touch when climbing
Predators use sound and smell to hunt for prey

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