The Skeletal System -- Embryo Flashcards
What is Klippel-Feil Syndrome?
Brevicollis. Shortness of the neck, fusion of cervical vertebral bodies, abnormalities of brain/brainstem
What is spinal bifida?
Failure of halves of the embryonic cartilaginous neural arch to fuse.
Where would a cervical accessory rib occur?
Attached to the manubrium of the sternum or C7
Why care about a cervical accessory rib?
Presure on the brachial plexus or subclavian artery.
What are fused ribs?
Exactly what they sound like. Combine posteriorly and share a vertebrae.
What causes hemivertebrae?
Failure of a vertebral chondrification center to appear, leading to an overall failure of half of the vertebrae to form.
Hemivertebrae are a common cause of…
Scoliosis.
What is rachischisis?
Spinal dysraphisms. Neural folds fail to fuse, causing potentially severe neural/vertebral defects.
What is pectus excavatum?
Overgrowth of the costal cartilages inward.
What is acrania?
Complete of partial absence of the neurocranium. Associated with meroencephaly.
What is meroencephaly
Partial absence of the brain
What is craniosynostosis?
Prenatal fusion of the cranial sutures.
If sagittal suture closes early….
Scaphocephaly
If coronal closes early…
Brachycephaly
If coronal closes on just one side…
Plagiocephaly
