Face and Scalp Blue Boxes Flashcards
What tends to happen to facial lacerations? Why?
The tend to gape because the face has no deep fascia and the subq between facial muscle attachments is loose.
Looseness of the subcutaneous tissue of the face allows what?
Fluid and Blood Accumulation (Bruising) and considerable swelling
How does the elasticity of a person’s face change over time?
It diminishes
Result of diminished fascial skin elasticity?
Wrinkles (perpendicular to fascial muscles)
Why do partially detached scalps have a good chance of recovery?
Arteries are well protected by dense connective tissue and anastamose freely
What surgery will take advantage of the ability of anastamosing scalp arteries to promote recovery? What specific artery will they use?
Attached craniotomy. Superficial temporal artery.
The scalp proper consists of…
the first three layers of the scalp. (clinically typically considered a single layer)
The calvarial bones receive blood primarily from the…
Meningeal arteries (Not the scalp ones)
The difference between the outlook of superficial and deep scalp wounds is _____. This is primarily due to what structure?
Superficial woulds do not gape and wound margins are held together. Deep scalp wounds gape widely. This is due to whether or not the epicranial aponeurosis is still intact.
What is the danger area of the scalp?
The loose connective tissue layer, as pus or blood can spread readily in it, causing spread of infection.
How can an infection get from the scalp to the cranial cavity?
Emissary veins
Why don’t scalp infections reach the neck?
Occipital part of occipitofrontalis inserts into the occipital bone and mastoid part of temporal bone.
How can scalp infections reach the eyelids/nose?
Because occipitofrontalis inserts in the skin/subq and not the bone anteriorly.
Loose connective tissue of the eyelid makes them…
prone to swelling/accumulation of fluid.
Blows to the periorbital region will typically cause…. because of….
Black eye because the crushed tissues around the margin will allow blood to build up
What are ecchymosis?
Purple patches caused by extravasation of blood into the SubQ/Skin of eyelids and surrounding regions
What are sebaceous cysts?
Obstructions of the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles in the scalp, resulting in retention of secretions.
What is cephalhematoma?
After a difficult birth, bleeding between a baby’s pericranium and calveria. Causes a cephalhematoma.
Clinical value of observing nasalis behavior?
To determine if a patient is typically a nasal or a mouth breather. Mouth breathers have a diminished ability to flare nostrils.
What happens to kids that are mouth breathers?
Chronic mouth breathers develop dental malocclusion because dental alignment is maintained by periods of occlusion and labial closure.
How do anti-snoring devices work?
Attach to nose, flare the nostrils, maintain a more patent airway.
What will a facial nerve injury cause?
Bell Palsy – Paralysis of some or all fascial muscles on the effected side.
Describe the appearance of a Bell Palsy patient.
The affected area sags. Expression is distorted. May look passive/sad. Inferior eyelid tends to evert.
