The Skeletal system Flashcards
What is superior?
Top of body
What is inferior?
Bottom of body
What is proximal?
towards middle/up
What is distal?
towards hand/feet
What is medial?
Middle line
What is lateral?
out to sides
What is anterior?
front of body
What is posterior?
Back of body
What is ventral?
front of body
What is dorsal?
Back of body
What is a process?
outgrow from larger piece of bone- forms connection with another part
What is a foramen?
opening that allows connection of nerves, arteries or veins between structures
What is articulation?
a joint between bones/cartilages
What is a suture?
rigid unmovable joint between bones- allows growth of skeleton when developing
What is a sinus?
hollow spaces in skull and face- around nose
What is a fossa?
shallow depression in bone shape
How many bones does an infant vs. adult have?
Infant: 350
Adult: 214
What are the two skeletal systems?
Axial and Appendicular
What are the 6 bone classifications?
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid, accessory bones
Give an example of a flat bone
skull, ribs or pelvis
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
knee, wrist (floating bones)
What are the main functions of bones?
Haumatopoeisis (blood cell production), Protection of vital organs, framework for support, movement, store of minerals and nutrients
How many cranial bones are there?
8
How many facial bones are there?
14
What are the cranial bones called?
frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone
What does the frontal bone do?
protects front of brain
Where are the parietal bones?
Superior sides and roof of cranium
How many parts make up the temporal bone?
4
What does the occipital bone do?
protects posterior part of brain
Where is the sphenoid bone found?
base of cranium
What is the ethmoid bone the roof of?
Nasal cavity
What are the facial bones called?
Nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, maxilla, mandible, vomer, zygomatic, palatine
A lot of the facial bones are pairs- true or false?
true
The mandible is the only moveable bone in the skull- true or false?
true
When do the mandible halves fuse together in life?
1-2 years
Where do you find the maxilla bones?
either side of nose- make up the upper jaw
What shape are the palatine bones?
L shaped
What are the cheek bones called?
zygomatic bones
What are the nasal bones attached to?
lower nasal cartilage
Where do you find the lacrimal bones?
In the medial wall of orbit, behind frontal process of maxilla
What does the vomer bone form?
Posterior and inferior part of nasal septum and divides nasal cavities
What shape are the inferior nasal conchae?
Shaped like curved leaves
What is the vertebrae made up of?
hyoid bone, vertebral column, verterbrae
Where is the hyoid bone?
Root of tongue, in the front of neck between lower jaw and thyroid cartilages
What are the 5 parts of the vertebral column?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
What does the vertebral column do?
protects spinal cord
What are the two special vertebrae at the top of the spine called?
Atlas (joins to skull) and Axis (allows rotation and movement of head)
What is the bony thorax made up of?
sternum and ribs
What is the sternum?
breastbone that provides anterior attachment site for ribs and protective cage for heart and lungs
How many pairs of ribs do we have?
12
How many true ribs do we have?
7 (1-7)
How many false ribs do we have?
2 (8-10
How many floating ribs do we have?
2 (11-12)
