Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

the study of bone

A

osteology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mature bone cells

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments

A

skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hold bones together at the joints

A

ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

attach muscle to bone

A

tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System (6)

A
  1. support
  2. protection
  3. movement
  4. electrolyte balance
  5. acid-base balance
  6. blood formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

A

bone (osseous tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

type of bone:
-longer than wide
-rigid levers acted upon by muscles

A

long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

type of bone:
-equal in length and width

A

short bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

type of bone:
-elaborate shapes that do not fit into other categories

A

irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type of bone:
-small, round bone

A

sesamoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

end of long bone

A

epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

shaft (middle part) of long bone

A

diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

found in the shaft of the long bone

A

compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

usually found at the ends of long bone

A

spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

layer that covers the long bone (outside layer)

A

periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow?

A

red and yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

central canal with surrounding structures

A

osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blood vessels and nerves

A

central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bone cells that live inside lacuna

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cavities on lamallae

A

lacuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

canal that connect one lacunae with another

A

canaliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

little channels that connect lacunae

A

canaliculi

25
Q

concentric circles of lacunae

A

lamellae

26
Q

What are the four principle types of bone cells?

A
  1. osteogenic cells
  2. osteoblasts
  3. osteocytes
  4. osteoclasts
27
Q

bone-dissolving cells found on the bone surface

A

osteoclasts

28
Q

soft bones due to deficiency of calcium salts

A

rickets

29
Q

excessively brittle bones due to lack of protein, collagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta or brittle bone disease

30
Q

soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and small spaces amid the trabeculae of spongy bone

A

bone marrow

31
Q

produces blood cells and is composed of multiple tissues in a delicate, but intricate arrangement that is an organ to itself

A

hemopoietic tissue

32
Q

type of bone marrow:
-produces blood cells
-in adults, found in skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, part of pelvic girdle, and proximal heads of humerus and femur

A

red bone marrow

33
Q

type of bone marrow:
-found in adults
-most red bone marrow turns into this
-no longer produces blood
-found in long bones

A

yellow bone marrow

34
Q

the formation of bone

A

ossification or osteogenesis

35
Q

the formation of bone from membrane (produces flat bones)

A

intramembranous ossification

36
Q

the formation of bone from cartilage (produce long bones)

A

endochondral ossification

37
Q

blood calcium excess; has a wide variety of causes

A

hypocalcemia

38
Q

What three hormones regulate calcium homeostasis?

A

calcitriol, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone

39
Q

a form of vitamin D produced by the sequential action of the skin, liver, and kidneys (most active form of vitamin D)

A

calcitriol

40
Q

lower blood calcium concentration in two ways
-osteoclast inhabitation
-osteoblast stimulation

A

calcitonin

41
Q

increases blood calcium concentration
-released with low calcium blood levels
-raises calcium blood levels (binds receptors on osteoblasts)

A

parathyroid hormone

42
Q

cause growth to stop
-epiphyseal plate “closes” prematurely
-results in abnormally short adult stature

A

anabolic steroids

43
Q

break caused by abnormal trauma to bone (normal fracture)
-falls, athletics, and military combat

A

stress fracture

44
Q

break in a bone weakened by some other disease (abnormal)
-bone cancer or osteoporosis
-usually caused by stress that would not break a healthy bone

A

pathological fracture

45
Q

How are fractures classified?

A

direction of the fracture line, break in the skin, multiple pieces

46
Q

treatment of fractures?

A

closed reduction, open reduction, cast

47
Q

severe loss of bone density
-the most common bone disease
-bone loses mass and becomes brittle due to loss of organic matrix and minerals
-common in young female athletes with low body fat causing them to stop ovulating and ovarian estrogen secretion is low

A

osteoporosis

48
Q

part of the skeleton that forms central supporting axis of the body
-skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, and hyoid

A

axial skeleton

49
Q

part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle, upper extremity, pelvic girdle, lower extremity

A

appendicular skeleton

50
Q

How many bones are in a typical adult?

A

206

51
Q

How many bones does a normal person have at birth?

A

270

52
Q

What are the four normal curvatures in the vertebral column?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pelvic

53
Q

type of curvatures that are present at birth
-ex: thoracic and pelvic

A

primary curvatures

54
Q

type of curvatures that develop later
-ex: cervical and lumbar
-lifting head as it begins to crawl develops cervical curvature
-walking upright develops lumbar curvature

A

secondary curvatures

55
Q

What are some causes of abnormal spine curvatures?

A

disease, paralysis of trunk muscles, poor posture, pregnancy, or congenital defect

56
Q

abnormal curvature of the spine
-developmental abnormality in which the body and arch fail to develop on one side of the vertebrae
-most common
-usually in thoracic region
-particularly of adolescent girls

A

scoliosis

57
Q

ribs 1-7
-each has own costal cartilage connecting to sternum

A

true ribs

58
Q

ribs 8-10
-lack independent cartilaginous connection to sternum

A

false ribs

59
Q

ribs 11-12
-articulate only with the vertebral column
-no cartilaginous connection to the sternum or any of the higher costal cartilages

A

floating ribs

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions