Anatomy Review

Question 1

axons of cranial nerve 1 pierce through the _____ to synapse with the ________

Answer 1

ethmoid bone; olfactory bulb

Question 2

T or F: Taste buds are also known as lingual papillae

Answer 2

false: Lingual papillae are projections (several different types) on the tongue that contain sensory structures known as taste buds

Question 3

Trace the path of lights as it enters the eye and lands on the fovea- should be able to mention at least 5 structures or locations:

Answer 3

1. Light enters the cornea and begins the refraction process due to the curvature
2. It travels in aqueous humor of the anterior chamber into the posterior chamber via the pupil
3. From here, light refracts again as it passes through the lens and into the vitreous body of the posterior cavity
4. Rays converge at the fovea centralis on the macula lutea of the retina

Question 4

Which tunic is important to the process of accommodation, but also acts as a blood supply to photoreceptors and sensory neurons?

Answer 4

vascular layer

Question 5

tunic located in the middle and consists of choroid, which provides oxygen to the retina, as well as the ciliary body and iris

Answer 5

vascular layer

Question 6

T or F: Cones allow high clarity vision as well as high sensitivity to light

Answer 6

false- cones are not very sensitive- they require lots of light to see, but when that light is available, they allow much clearer vision than rods

Question 7

What describes the environment of hearing receptors?

Answer 7

tips of stereocila (of the hair cells) are weighed down by the tectorial membrane

Question 8

Trace the path of sound waves to the inner ear. You should mention at least five structures or areas

Answer 8

1. Pressure waves move through the external acoustic meatus and arrive at the middle ear by vibrating the tympanic membrane.
2. Those vibrations then move through the malleus, the incus and the stapes (ossicles)
3. The stapes pushes into the oval window of the cochlea in order to cause displacement of fluid in the inner ear

Question 9

T or F: In terms of sound waves, the taller the wavelength (amplitude), the louder or more intense a sound will be perceived

Answer 9

true

Question 10

T or F: Linear acceleration is detected in the semicircular canals

Answer 10

false

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT apply to the hypothalamic/pituitary relationship?
a. the pituitary gland will not release ANY hormones unless first stimulated by the hypothalamus
b. the two glands are connected by an extensive capillary network as well as neurons
c. the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that are manufactured in the hypothalamus
d. all of these are true

Answer 11

a. the pituitary gland will not release ANY hormones unless first stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 12

The _______ gland contians mostly exocrine tissue by volume, but is still classified as an endocrine gland based on the importance of hormonal control over blood sugar regulation

Answer 12

pancreas

Question 13

T or F: Most of the hormonal pathways of the endocrine system are controlled via positive feedback

Answer 13

false- negative feedback! The final product (hormones) feeds back and shuts off release of the original hormone

Question 14

What produces hormones responsible for the control of metabolism?

Answer 14

the thyroid

Question 15

this is directly stimulated by TSH from the anterior pituitary, but indirectly via releasing hormones of the hypothalamus

Answer 15

thyroid

Question 16

________ are granulocytes that stain redder than the other types of leukocytes

Answer 16

eosinophils