The Skeletal System Flashcards
Describe the types of bone:
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
Name the functions of the skeletal system:
Protection Support Mineral storage Red blood cell production Attachment for skeletal muscles Leverage Weight bearing Reduce friction across joints
Explain the function ‘support’:
Provide supporting framework for the soft tissues
Explain the function ‘protection’:
The bones in your skeleton provide protection for your organs and soft tissues
e.g. skull - brain
Vertebrae - spinal chord
Explain the function ‘leverage’
Provide a lever system - muscles can pull on bones allowing movement
Explain the function ‘weight bearing’
Bones are strong - support your body
Supports when large forces are applied during sport - structural strength to prevent injury
Explain the function ‘mineral storage’
Stores and releases minerals into the bloodstream when required
It is a reservoir for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
Explain the function ‘source of blood cell production’
Blood vessels feed the centre of your bones - in the bone marrow
The marrow is always producing red and white blood cells
Explain the function ‘reducing friction across joints’
Synovial joints secrete fluid to avoid bones rubbing together - void the wear and tear of the hyaline cartilage
Explain the function of ‘attachment for skeletal muscles’
Tendons attach muscle to bone
Ligaments attach bone to bone
Name the three types of joint:
Fixed joint - fibrous/ immoveable
Slightly moveable/ cartilaginous
Synovial Joint
Name the parts of a synovial joint:
Joint capsule Synovial membrane Synovial Fluid Bursae Tendons
Name the different types of synovial joint:
Hinge joint Ball and socket joint Pivot joint Condyloid joint Gliding joint Saddle joint
Name the 12 movements possible at a synovial joint:
Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Lateral flexion Horizontal flexion Horizontal extension
What is the function of a flat bone?
Attachment for muscles
Protection
Examples of a flat bone:
Cranium - protects the brain
Vertebrae - protects spinal chord
What are the functions of a long bone?
Movement
Support
Red blood cell production
Examples of a long bone:
Femur
Tibia
Humerus
What are the functions of a short bone?
Stability and weight bearing
Shock absorption
Examples of a short bone:
Carpals
Tarsals
What are the functions of an irregular bone?
Protection
Slight movement
What is an example of an irregular bone?
Vertebrae (protects the spinal chord)
What are some functions of a sesamoid bone?
Protection
Reduces friction across a joint
Key words in bone growth:
Ossification
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Growth plates
What are the immediate effects of exercise on the skeletal system?
More synovial fluid
Fluid is less viscous
Increased uptake of minerals within bones
What is meant by fluid becoming ‘less viscous’
Allows easier movement and less friction
Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise: 1
Increase your bone mineral density - stronger bones - more resistant to large forces (kicking a football)
Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise:
Ligaments become stronger - stretch a bit further and withstand greater forces
How does arthritis effect the skeletal system?
Causes pain and stiffness
wear and tear of hyaline cartilage
friction - injury
How does osteoporosis effect the skeletal system?
The loss of bone density - weakness of bones - become brittle and fragile
Fracture easily
How do you reduce the risk of osteoporosis?
Take part in weight bearing exercises
Why does age effect the skeletal system?
Weight training in children can effect growth
Bones are weaker and less resistant as you age
