The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the types of bone:

A
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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2
Q

Name the functions of the skeletal system:

A
Protection 
Support
Mineral storage
Red blood cell production
Attachment for skeletal muscles 
Leverage 
Weight bearing 
Reduce friction across joints
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3
Q

Explain the function ‘support’:

A

Provide supporting framework for the soft tissues

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4
Q

Explain the function ‘protection’:

A

The bones in your skeleton provide protection for your organs and soft tissues
e.g. skull - brain
Vertebrae - spinal chord

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5
Q

Explain the function ‘leverage’

A

Provide a lever system - muscles can pull on bones allowing movement

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6
Q

Explain the function ‘weight bearing’

A

Bones are strong - support your body

Supports when large forces are applied during sport - structural strength to prevent injury

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7
Q

Explain the function ‘mineral storage’

A

Stores and releases minerals into the bloodstream when required
It is a reservoir for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

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8
Q

Explain the function ‘source of blood cell production’

A

Blood vessels feed the centre of your bones - in the bone marrow
The marrow is always producing red and white blood cells

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9
Q

Explain the function ‘reducing friction across joints’

A

Synovial joints secrete fluid to avoid bones rubbing together - void the wear and tear of the hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

Explain the function of ‘attachment for skeletal muscles’

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone

Ligaments attach bone to bone

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11
Q

Name the three types of joint:

A

Fixed joint - fibrous/ immoveable
Slightly moveable/ cartilaginous
Synovial Joint

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12
Q

Name the parts of a synovial joint:

A
Joint capsule
Synovial membrane 
Synovial Fluid 
Bursae
Tendons
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13
Q

Name the different types of synovial joint:

A
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint 
Gliding joint
Saddle joint
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14
Q

Name the 12 movements possible at a synovial joint:

A
Flexion 
Extension
Hyperextension 
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction 
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Lateral flexion
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
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15
Q

What is the function of a flat bone?

A

Attachment for muscles

Protection

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16
Q

Examples of a flat bone:

A

Cranium - protects the brain

Vertebrae - protects spinal chord

17
Q

What are the functions of a long bone?

A

Movement
Support
Red blood cell production

18
Q

Examples of a long bone:

A

Femur
Tibia
Humerus

19
Q

What are the functions of a short bone?

A

Stability and weight bearing

Shock absorption

20
Q

Examples of a short bone:

A

Carpals

Tarsals

21
Q

What are the functions of an irregular bone?

A

Protection

Slight movement

22
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

Vertebrae (protects the spinal chord)

23
Q

What are some functions of a sesamoid bone?

A

Protection

Reduces friction across a joint

24
Q

Key words in bone growth:

A

Ossification
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Growth plates

25
What are the immediate effects of exercise on the skeletal system?
More synovial fluid Fluid is less viscous Increased uptake of minerals within bones
26
What is meant by fluid becoming 'less viscous'
Allows easier movement and less friction
27
Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise: 1
Increase your bone mineral density - stronger bones - more resistant to large forces (kicking a football)
28
Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise:
Ligaments become stronger - stretch a bit further and withstand greater forces
29
How does arthritis effect the skeletal system?
Causes pain and stiffness wear and tear of hyaline cartilage friction - injury
30
How does osteoporosis effect the skeletal system?
The loss of bone density - weakness of bones - become brittle and fragile Fracture easily
31
How do you reduce the risk of osteoporosis?
Take part in weight bearing exercises
32
Why does age effect the skeletal system?
Weight training in children can effect growth | Bones are weaker and less resistant as you age