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PE > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the types of bone:

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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2
Q

Name the functions of the skeletal system:

A 
Protection 
Support
Mineral storage
Red blood cell production
Attachment for skeletal muscles 
Leverage 
Weight bearing 
Reduce friction across joints
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3
Q

Explain the function ‘support’:

A

Provide supporting framework for the soft tissues

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4
Q

Explain the function ‘protection’:

A

The bones in your skeleton provide protection for your organs and soft tissues
e.g. skull - brain
Vertebrae - spinal chord

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5
Q

Explain the function ‘leverage’

A

Provide a lever system - muscles can pull on bones allowing movement

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6
Q

Explain the function ‘weight bearing’

A

Bones are strong - support your body

Supports when large forces are applied during sport - structural strength to prevent injury

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7
Q

Explain the function ‘mineral storage’

A

Stores and releases minerals into the bloodstream when required
It is a reservoir for minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

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8
Q

Explain the function ‘source of blood cell production’

A

Blood vessels feed the centre of your bones - in the bone marrow
The marrow is always producing red and white blood cells

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9
Q

Explain the function ‘reducing friction across joints’

A

Synovial joints secrete fluid to avoid bones rubbing together - void the wear and tear of the hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

Explain the function of ‘attachment for skeletal muscles’

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone

Ligaments attach bone to bone

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11
Q

Name the three types of joint:

A

Fixed joint - fibrous/ immoveable
Slightly moveable/ cartilaginous
Synovial Joint

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12
Q

Name the parts of a synovial joint:

A 
Joint capsule
Synovial membrane 
Synovial Fluid 
Bursae
Tendons
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13
Q

Name the different types of synovial joint:

A 
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint 
Gliding joint
Saddle joint
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14
Q

Name the 12 movements possible at a synovial joint:

A 
Flexion 
Extension
Hyperextension 
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction 
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Lateral flexion
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
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15
Q

What is the function of a flat bone?

A

Attachment for muscles

Protection

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16
Q

Examples of a flat bone:

A

Cranium - protects the brain

Vertebrae - protects spinal chord

17
Q

What are the functions of a long bone?

A

Movement
Support
Red blood cell production

18
Q

Examples of a long bone:

A

Femur
Tibia
Humerus

19
Q

What are the functions of a short bone?

A

Stability and weight bearing

Shock absorption

20
Q

Examples of a short bone:

A

Carpals

Tarsals

21
Q

What are the functions of an irregular bone?

A

Protection

Slight movement

22
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

Vertebrae (protects the spinal chord)

23
Q

What are some functions of a sesamoid bone?

A

Protection

Reduces friction across a joint

24
Q

Key words in bone growth:

A

Ossification
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Growth plates

25
Q

What are the immediate effects of exercise on the skeletal system?

A

More synovial fluid
Fluid is less viscous
Increased uptake of minerals within bones

26
Q

What is meant by fluid becoming ‘less viscous’

A

Allows easier movement and less friction

27
Q

Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise: 1

A

Increase your bone mineral density - stronger bones - more resistant to large forces (kicking a football)

28
Q

Adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise:

A

Ligaments become stronger - stretch a bit further and withstand greater forces

29
Q

How does arthritis effect the skeletal system?

A

Causes pain and stiffness
wear and tear of hyaline cartilage
friction - injury

30
Q

How does osteoporosis effect the skeletal system?

A

The loss of bone density - weakness of bones - become brittle and fragile
Fracture easily

31
Q

How do you reduce the risk of osteoporosis?

A

Take part in weight bearing exercises

32
Q

Why does age effect the skeletal system?

A

Weight training in children can effect growth

Bones are weaker and less resistant as you age

PE (11 decks)

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