Revision PPQ'S Skeletal System

Question 1

Describe the function of the synovial membrane:

Answer 1

Secretes synovial fluid

Lubricates joint, reduces friction and can also act as protection at the joint.

Question 2

Describe the process of bone growth:

Answer 2

Osteoblasts form new bone
Osteoclasts remove old debris
Cartilage hardens to become bone - ossification
Growth plates are the site of all bone growth

Question 3

The knee is a hinge joint

Describe the range of movement possible at this joint:

Answer 3

The knee can move from a flexion into an extension

Question 4

Describe the range of movement at the ankle:

Answer 4

The ankle can move for a plantarflexion into a dorsiflexion and vice versa

Question 5

Explain how the skeletal functions of leverage and weight bearing are used when Rose runs:

Answer 5

Muscles pull on bones to create movement - act as a lever system
Weight bearing - skeleton supports and protects muscles during her run

Question 6

Explain two long term adaptations to Efi’s skeletal system from playing rugby:

Answer 6

Bones are stronger - increase in osteoblasts increases calcium - increase in strength and an increase in the criss-cross matrix within the bone - withstand a greater force

Ligaments are thicker - withstand greater force, stronger, more flexible and have a wider range of movement

Question 7

Explain the function of the bursa:

Answer 7

Cushioning at the joint
Friction free movement
Reduces risk of injury

Question 8

Explain the function of ligaments:

Answer 8

Connect bone to bone

Provide stability and support at the joint - avoid any unwanted movement from occurring

Question 9

Explain why arthritis causes pain:

Answer 9

Osteoarthritis is the ‘wear and tear’ of the hyaline cartilage at joints
This causes bone to rub together and begin to crumble away
Causes inflammation at the joint
Restricts your movement and results in pain

Question 10

Explain why resistance (weight) training is not recommended for children:

Answer 10

Children are still growing - not fully developed
If weight is put on growth plates it can damage them
Results in stunted growth

Question 11

Explain why regular participation in weight bearing exercises will help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis:

Answer 11

Bones are being strengthened
Each time they grow back they are stronger
Putting weight on your bones increases their density lowering risk of osteoporosis
Allows increased osteoblast activity to form a new strong bone

Question 12

Give an example of a fibrous joint:

Answer 12

Cranium

Question 13

Give an example of a flat bone:

Answer 13

Scapulae

Question 14

Give an example of a cartilaginous joint:

Answer 14

Vertebrae

Question 15

Give one response of the skeletal system when participating in a single session of weight-bearing exercise:

Answer 15

Cartilage at the end of the bones becomes thicker - increased mineral uptake

Question 16

Give 3 functions of synovial fluid:

Answer 16

Acts as a lubricant at the joint
Acts as a shock absorber at the joint
Provides nutrients to nourishes the cartilage

Question 17

Give two types of postural deviation:

Give one characteristic of each type:

Answer 17

Kyphosis - excessive curvature of the spine - thoracic

Lordosis - extreme inward curvature of the lower spine - lumbar

Question 18

What are the names of the bones in your legs?

Answer 18

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula

Question 19

What are the bones in your ankles and feet?

Answer 19

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Question 20

What are the bones in your arm?

Answer 20

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

Question 21

What are the bones in your wrist and hand?

Answer 21

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 22

Name the components of a synovial joint:

Answer 22

Synovial membrane 
Capsule 
Synovial fluid 
Bursae 
Cartilage 
Tendons

Question 23

State the function of a flat bone:

Answer 23

Protection of major organs