Cardiovascular System

Question 1

4 main chambers of the heart

Answer 1

Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle

Question 2

What are the names of the 4 main valves present in the heart?

Answer 2

Tricuspid Valve
Bicuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels

Question 4

What are the 4 main vessels in the heart?

Answer 4

Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein

Question 5

What is meant by the heart having a double circulation?

Answer 5

Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit

Question 6

What are the two circulation systems of the heart?

Answer 6

Systemic Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 7

What is the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 7

Diffusion of O2 into blood

Diffusion of CO2 into alveoli

Question 8

What is the systemic circulation?

Answer 8

To deliver O2 and nutrients to body cells

To remove CO2, water, heat from the body cells

Question 9

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart:

Answer 9

In through the vena cava, 
into right atrium, 
through tricuspid valve
 right ventricle,
 pulmonary valve 
 pulmonary artery and up to the lungs, 
back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, 
left atrium, 
 bicuspid valve, 
left ventricle, 
 aortic valve, 
 aorta.

Question 10

What are the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 10

Atrium Contraction
Ventricle Contraction
Filling stage

Question 11

Explain stage 1 - ‘the atrium contraction stage’

Answer 11

Left and right atrium contract - blood is forced into left and right ventricle

Question 12

Explain stage 2 - ‘the ventricle contraction stage’

Answer 12

Right and left ventricle contract -
Right - blood is forced into the pulmonary artery
Left - blood is forced into the aorta

Question 13

Explain stage 3 - ‘the filling stage’

Answer 13

Left and right atrium relax

Blood flows into the atrium

Question 14

What is the function of the right atrium?

Answer 14

Contracts - move blood into right ventricle

Question 15

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 15

Prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium

Question 16

What is the function of the right ventricle?

Answer 16

Contract to move blood into pulmonary artery & lungs

Question 17

What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

Answer 17

Prevent backflow into the right ventricle

Question 18

What is the function of the left atrium?

Answer 18

Contracts to move blood into left ventricle

Question 19

What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 19

To prevent backflow of blood into the left atrium

Question 20

What is the function of the left ventricle?

Answer 20

Contracts to force blood into the aorta and to the rest of the body

Question 21

What is the function of the aortic valve?

Answer 21

To prevent the backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta

Question 22

What are the 3 layers the heart is made up of?

Answer 22

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 23

What are the 3 types of blood vessel?

Answer 23

Arteries - arterioles
Veins - venules
Capillaries

Question 24

What is an arteries main function?

Answer 24

To carry blood away from the heart

Question 25

What are some characteristics of arteries?

Answer 25

``` Thick muscular wall Blood under high pressure Narrow Lumen Thick elastic tissue Strong contractility Located deep in the body ```

Question 26

What is the main function of veins?

Answer 26

To carry deoxygenated blood into the heart

Question 27

What are some characteristics of veins?

Answer 27

``` Thin muscular walls Wide lumen Blood is under low pressure Thin elastic fibres in the tissue Contractility present ```

Question 28

What is the main function of a capillary?

Answer 28

Connecting arteries to veins

Question 29

What are some characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 29

One cell thick - materials and substances can pass through Allow diffusion of oxygen and nutrients Pressure of blood is higher than in veins and lower than in arteries

Question 30

How much blood does the average adult have?

Answer 30

4-5 litres of blood

Question 31

What are the 4 parts of the composition of blood?

Answer 31

Red blood cells White blood cells Plasma Platelets

Question 32

What is another name for red blood cells?

Answer 32

Erythrocytes

Question 33

Explain the immediate effect ' anticipatory increase in heart rate prior to exercise:

Answer 33

The feeling of your heart beating faster and louder Happens before exercise Psychological effect

Question 34

Explain the immediate effect 'increased heart rate':

Answer 34

More blood is pumped to working muscle - delivery of oxygen and nutrients

Question 35

Explain the immediate effect 'increased cardiac output'

Answer 35

This is an increase in the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat This happens because of an increase in heart rate and stroke volume

Question 36

Explain the immediate effect 'increased blood pressure'

Answer 36

This means the pressure against the walls of the heart is greater

Question 37

What are the two types of blood pressure?

Answer 37

Systolic | Diastolic

Question 38

What is systolic blood pressure and when is it measured?

Answer 38

This is the blood pressure when the chambers are contracting, measured when the heart is contracting

Question 39

What is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 39

This is the pressure of the blood against the walls of the heart when the heart is relaxing/ not contracting

Question 40

Explain the immediate effect 'redirection of blood flow':

Answer 40

Vascular shunting - happens during exercise More blood will be delivered to the working muscle Less blood will be taken places such as the digestive system

Question 41

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 41

Chamber dilation | Increased muscle mass - thicker muscle

Question 42

What is meant by 'chamber dilation'?

Answer 42

the chambers of the heart have got bigger - bigger heart

Question 43

Explain why chamber dilation is good:

Answer 43

There is more space - more volume of blood within it

Question 44

Describe why having stronger and thicker muscular walls in the heart is important:

Answer 44

Increased cardiac output - more blood can be forced out of the heart at once

Question 45

Why is an increased cardiac output a benefit?

Answer 45

There is increased respiration - more aerobic energy - more O2 to muscles

Question 46

Why is having a thicker muscular wall in the left ventricle important?

Answer 46

More blood can be forced out through the aorta and to the rest of the body

Question 47

Explain the adaptation 'increase in resting and exercising stroke volume':

Answer 47

This means there is more blood being delivered even at rest - the heart does not have to work as hard - less strain and stress - more powerful

Question 48

Explain the adaptation 'decrease in resting heart rate'

Answer 48

The heart does not need to pump as often as there is more blood being pumped out per beat

Question 49

What is capillarisation?

Answer 49

This is an increase in capillary networks More efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients Increase in size and no. of blood vessels

Question 50

Explain the adaptation 'increase in blood volume':

Answer 50

More blood is being pumped around the body | More delivery of O2 and nutrients

Question 51

Explain 'arrhythmic death syndrome'

Answer 51

Causes sudden death - usually in young fit individuals | Natural heart rhythm becomes disrupted