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PE > The muscular system > Flashcards

The muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 types of muscles:

A

Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle

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2
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

In the walls of the heart

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary
Has its own blood supply
Pumps blood around the body
Never fatigues

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4
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

In the walls of the digestive sytem

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary

Slows down contractions

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6
Q

Where is skeletal muscle found?

A

Connected to skeletal bones and pull to move the bones

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary

Move skeletal bones

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A

Voluntary

Move skeletal bones

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9
Q

What is a concentric contraction?

A

An increase in the tension of muscle as it shortens in length

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10
Q

What is a cramp?

A

This is an involuntary contraction or spasm of the muscle. It is caused by dehydration and a lack of rich blood being supplied to the working muscles. It causes pain and will result in having to stop participating in the sport.

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11
Q

3 characteristics of type 1 muscle fibres:

A

slow contracting
little force
rich in mitochondria

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12
Q

What is mitochondria needed for?

A

It is vital for aerobic respiration and is the power house of the cell.

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13
Q

Why is myoglobin important?

A

Myoglobin carries oxygen around the cell (the delivery van)
increases its oxidative capacity
slower build up of lactic acid
fatigue will be slower and you can last longer.

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14
Q

Why is an increase in muscle glycogen important?

A

Readily available source of energy
less risk of fatigue
work at a higher intensity for longer.

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15
Q

Why is an increase in muscle pliability important?

A

Due to increased temperature
muscles more flexible
less risk of injury

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16
Q

4 characteristics of type 11a muscle fibres:

A

Fast contracting
Large force
less fatiguing than type 11x
less reliant on oxygen than type 1

17
Q

What causes an increase in muscle temperature?

A

This is due to an increase in energy production. Energy has to be provided by fuels such as fats and carbs which are broken down by a chemical reaction and as a waste product heat is produced

18
Q

4 characteristics of type 11x muscle fibres?

A

rapid contraction speed
maximum force
fast fatiguing
works anaerobically

19
Q

Response of the muscular system from one session of lifting heavy weights:

A

microtears will form
tiny tears in the muscle fibres
due to muscles being overloaded

20
Q

a fixator does…

A

ensures there is no unwanted movement
stabilises joint
ensures agonist provides the most effective contraction

21
Q

a synergist…

A

muscles that work together to enable the agonists to operate more effectively
control and direct movement
pull on agonist to make position more of an advantage

22
Q

Name 6 adaptations of the muscular system:

A 
Hypertrophy 
Resistance to lactic acid 
Increased storage of fat
Increased glycogen storage
Increase in myoglobin stores 
Increase in the no. and size of mitochondria
23
Q

Name the 20 muscles:

A 
Deltoid
Bicep
Triceps
Supinator 
Pronator 
Wrist flexors 
Wrist extensors 
Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius 
Teres Major
Pectorals
Abdominals 
Obliques
Erector spinae
Hip Flexors 
Quadriceps
Hamstrings 
Tibialis anterior 
Gastrocnemius 
Soleus
24
Q

What are the 3 types of contractions?

A

Isometric (muscle length does not change)
Eccentric (muscle returns to normal length)
Concentric (muscle shortens in length)

25
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Muscles are overloaded - increase in size and strength
Muscle fibres become larger
Create a greater force

26
Q

Explain the adaptation ‘increased tendon strength’

A

They are more flexible and can withstand greater forces

27
Q

Explain the adaptation ‘increase number and size of mitochondria’

A

The muscle fibres are bigger- more mitochondria - more room so they are also larger

28
Q

Explain the adaptation ‘increase in myoglobin stores’

A

More oxygen storage

More delivered to the mitochondria in the muscle cell

29
Q

Explain the adaptation ‘increase in storage of glycogen’

A

You can produce more energy - able to train at higher intensities for longer and won’t fatigue as easily

30
Q

Explain the adaptation ‘increase in storage of fat’

A

Fat is used more efficiently

Fat is used as an energy source when there is little carbs

31
Q

Explain the adaptation ‘Increased tolerance to lactate’

A

There is a better supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscle and therefore become more resistant to lactic acid build up

32
Q

Why does age effect the skeletal system?

A

Muscle mass decreases

Muscles are smaller - decreased strength and power

PE (11 decks)

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