The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Flashcards
What are the five main roles of the Skeletal System?
- Shape
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Blood Production
What are the 7 different parts of the Vertebral Collumn?
- Atlas
- Axis
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
Describe the cervical vertebrae.
- supports neck and head
- allows most movement
- contains 7 bones.
Describe the thoracic vertebrae.
- protects heart and lungs
- not much movement
- contains 12 bones.
Describe the lumbar vertebrae.
- big bones
- support rest of the collumn
- allows turning
- contains 5 bones.
Describe the sacrum vertebrae.
- base for legs
- fused to pelvic girdle
- contains 5 bones fused to make one.
Describe the coccyx.
- remains of ancient tail bone.
- contains 5 bones fused to make one.
What are the three main types of joints?
- fixed / fused / immoveable: e.g. cranium.
- slightly moveable: e.g. bones in vertebral collumn.
- freely moveable / synovial: e.g. hip and shoulder.
What are the six different types of freely moveable / synovial joints? Give examples.
- Ball and Socket: e.g. Hip or shoulder.
- Condyloid: e.g. Wrist.
- Gliding: e.g. Ankle.
- Hinge: e.g. Knee or elbow.
- Pivot: e.g. Rotation of atlas and axis in neck.
- Saddle: e.g. Thumb gripping.
What are the three different types of connective tissues?
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Cartilage.
What do Ligaments do?
Ligaments join bone to bone.
What do tendons do?
Tendons join bone to muscle.
What does cartilage do?
Found at end of and between bones to protect them wearing or grinding each other down by any movement.
What are the six different ways in which our body moves and what do they mean?
- Abduction: movement away from midline of the body.
- Adduction: movement towards midline of the body.
- Rotation: movement of bone around its own axis.
- Flexion: decreasing an angle between two bones e.g. Bending elbow.
- Extension: increasing angle between two bones e.g. Straightening elbow.
- Hyperextension: when joints extend beyond the normal position.
What are the different muscles and their functions?
- Abdominals: pull in abdomen.
- Biceps: bend of flex elbow.
- Deltoids: raise or abducts arm at shoulder.
- Gastrocnemius: raises up onto tip toes.
- Gluteals: pulls leg back at hip slightly.
- Hamstrings: bends of flexes knee slightly.
- Latissimus Dorsi: pulls arm down at shoulder.
- Pectorals: raises arm at shoulder and draws across chest.
- Quadriceps: straighten leg and knee and lock when you stand.
- Trapezius: holds and rotates shoulders and moves head back and sideways.
- Triceps: straightens arm at elbow joint.
