Social and International Factors Flashcards
Describe the role of the media through the radio.
- dedicated sports channels on radio as well as TV
- cheaper than TV broadcasting, only 1 commentator needed and basic technology
- radios cheap, portable and accessible, so listen more often
Describe the role of the media through the press.
Newspapers:
- daily publications
- dedicated sport sections
- traditional for all sports at back
Magazines:
- general mags often have sports related stories
- increasing number of specialist mags for specific sports
Books:
- range from novels with sporting themes to textbooks or sporting autobiographies.
Describe the role of the media through IT.
- info available on CDs or countless websites
- increasing number of Internet sites where TV or radio broadcasting can be received.
Describe the positive influences of the media.
Demonstrating performance and participation:
- show high standard performance + with slow mo replays
- gives individuals exemplars to follow
- popularity of sport and participation promoted, as health benefits of activity are shown
Increasing revenue:
- media supports sports as sponsors more likely to be involved if there is a high level of media coverage
Encouraging variety:
- different output types: e.g. Informative, educational, entertainment etc, caters for all tastes
Describe the negative influences of the media.
Intrusion:
- paparazzi, cables and press get in way of spectators and mean lack of privacy for competitiors
Media pressure:
- rules of competitions may be changed by media pressured to speed things up or make more dramatic
Edited coverage:
- directors choose what is actually broadcast, so not all may be seen
Altered timings:
- mostly TV, has needs to televise things for largest audiences so changes times of events in other areas of world
Undermining officials:
- decisions by them may be undermined with replays
Limited attendance:
- broadcasting discourages people from attending event
Biased popularity:
- media coverage amounts make or break sports
Describe the role of sponsors for individuals.
- sportspeople may have individual sponsorship deals, some have more than 1 sponsor
- paid money to display sponsors name, equipment or products
- provided with sponsors gear for free
Describe the role of sponsors for teams and clubs.
- school teams can even attract sponsorship to put on their kit
- at top level, payments are made to help club compete / travel etc as well as free goods
Describe the role of sponsorship for particular sports.
- most have arranged sponsors that promote their leagues and competitions
- harder for lesser known sports to find long term sponsors
Describe the role of sponsorship for particular events.
- becoming more popular for events to have sponsors
- can then name event after sponsor for publicity.
Describe the benefits of sponsorship for the sponsors themselves.
- increases revenue through advertising, improved sales
- benefits of being associated with someone’s success, good image, promotes health.
What types does sponsorship come in?
Equipment Clothing Accessories Transport / travel Training facilities / pt's Fees and expenses
What is unacceptable sponsorship?
- anything associated with tobacco / smoking as does opposite to your health than sport
- anything to do with (most) alcohol
- anything to do with junk foods
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sponsorship?
Advantages:
- no financial worries for athletes
- promotes sports and raises sport profile
- better + bigger comps
- increased advertising and tax relief for sponsors
Disadvantages:
- sponsors may take over the sport
- if image of the sport is damage, sponsors withdraw
- minority sports find it difficult to attract sponsors
Describe the role of the media through television.
- one of most powerful / commonly accessed form of media
- introduction of transmissions and broadcasting = huge increase of televised sport
- even introduced dedicated sports channels
Describe helpful technological developments in equipment.
- development of new materials: lighter, strong, more durable
- springed floors
- helps prevent injury
- improves performance, safety, gives more power
- e.g. More aerodynamic hel,eats and lighter bikes etc
Describe helpful technological developments in clothing a and materials.
- synthetic materials have revolutionised sportswear
- e.g. Water repellant suits in swimming, drag reduced, streamline increased
- e.g. Nylon and Lycra tight fitting and freely moveable suits in gym so don’t get in way but aren’t restricting
Describe helpful technological developments in facilities.
- e.g. In gym purpose built facilities just for safety
- e.g. Springy floors prevent injury and provide more power
- e.g, safety pits prevent injury and cushion athlete
- e.g. All weather pitches, make sport more accessible
- e.g. Roofs on stadiums to keep matches running if weather turns bad
Describe helpful technological developments in safety factors.
- e.g. In gym safety pits
- e.g. In boxing have barriers around ring to stop falling off but barriers also provide spring and movement so aren’t rock solid, wouldn’t hurt
Describe helpful technological developments in training aids.
- video analysis to analyse, monitor and improve performance and practice
- videos to track progress
- more accurate timings in races for pb’s, e.g. to fractions of seconds
Describe helpful technological developments in fair judging.
- video official
- replays and slow mo
- photo finishes
- cyclops in tennis to decide if serve is in or out
- hawkeye in tennis and cricket to track and predict path of the ball
What are the advantages of hosting major sporting events?
- improved status
- increased tourism
- improved infrastructure: roads, rail links, accommodation
- improved sports facilities
- financial profit may be made
What are the disadvantages of hosting major sporting events?
- high cost of improving transport links
- vulnerability to terrorism
- risk of complaints about organisation
- huge financial gamble
- security concerns
Describe the attitudes towards sport in the UK.
- pe compulsory in schools
- grants and sponsorship available for talent
- various campaigns to boost participation
Describe the attitudes towards sport in the USA.
- pe compulsory in schools
- school and college sport = high profile, attracts big sponsorship
- scholarship schemes for talent
Describe the attitudes toward sports in third world countries.
- popular sport is cheap, football and athletics booming
- international success earns money
- athletes given token government jobs
Describe types of competitions used in all levels of sport.
- round robin / league: all players play each other, true results, seeding not needed, no one eliminated, best use in league play and for true standings.
- knock out: played in rounds, each player playing one game per round, win = next round, lose = knocked out, not as fair as only get one chance.
- ladder: players listed on a ladder, each player can challenge another higher on ladder, but only a certain amount higher, if win they take their place on ladder, not good for team sports or new players who must start at bottom.
