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Anatomy > The shoulder and Chest wall > Flashcards

The shoulder and Chest wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only bony attachement between the upper limb and the trunk?

A

Via the clavicle

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2
Q

Nerves supplying the upper limb come from which segments?

A

C5 - C8 and T1

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3
Q

Where does most of the upper limbs blood supply come from?

A

The subclavian artery

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4
Q

What does the subclavian artery change into down the arm?

A

Axillary artery and the brachial artery

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5
Q

What can you see on the anterior view of the scapula?

A

Acromium process
Coracoid process
Subscapular fossa

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6
Q

What are the borders of the scapula?

A

Medial border
Lateral border
Superior border

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7
Q

What are the angles of the scapula?

A

Inferior angle

Superior angle

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8
Q

What can you see on the posterior view of the scapula?

A

Scapula spine
Supraspinous fossa (on top of the spine)
Infraspinous fossa (below the spine)
Acromium

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9
Q

What two joints can the clavicle make?

A

Sterno-clavicular joint

Acromio-clavicular joint

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10
Q

What are the main movements of the scapula?

A

Elevation, Depression, Rotation, Retraction and Protraction

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11
Q

Which muscles attach the trunk and the scapula?

A

Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
Levator scapulae

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12
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae?

A

Lifts the scapula

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13
Q

Where does the levator scapulae originate and insert?

A

From cervicle processes C1 to C4

Inserts onto the medial border

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14
Q

What innervates the levator scapulae?

A

The 4th and 5th cranial nerves

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15
Q

What are the functions of the trapezius?

A

Superior fibres = elevation of the scapula eg shrugging
Middle fibres = retract and adduct the scapula
Inferior fibres = Depress the scapula by pulling it down to the inferior thoracic vertebrae
Inferior + superior = rotation; inferior angle pushed down laterally and acromium is raised

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16
Q

Where does the trapezium originate and insert?

A

Nuchal crest of the occipital bone to the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Inserts onto the clavicle, acromium and spine of the scapula

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17
Q

Which nerves innervate the trapezium?

A

C3 and C4 nerves

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18
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid major?

A

Hold the scapula to the ribcage and retract it

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19
Q

Where does the rhomboid major originate and insert?

A

Arises from the spinal processes of T2 to T5

Inserts on to the medial border of the scapula from the level of the scapular spine to the inferior angle

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20
Q

Which nerve supplies the rhomboid major?

A

C5

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21
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid minor?

A

Retracts the scapula and stabilises it

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22
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert?

A

Arises from C7 and T1

Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula at the level of the scapular spine

23
Q

Which nerve innervates the rhomboid minor?

A

C5

24
Q

Which muscles are involved in attaching the trunk and the arm?

A 
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Lattisimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Deltoid
25
Q

Where does the pectoralis major originate and insert?

A

Sternal half of the clavicle, costal cartilages of the first ribs and the sternum
Inserts onto the intertubercular groove of the humerus

26
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

A

Shoulder flexion, internal rotation and adduction

27
Q

Which nerves innervate the pectoralis major?

A

C7, C8 and T1

28
Q

Where does the pectoralis minor originate and insert?

A

Third to the fifth ribs

Inserts onto the coracoid process of the sternum

29
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

A

Depresses the shoulder, drawing the scapula inferior towards the thorax
Stabilises the scapula as it is pulled to the ribs

30
Q

Where does the latissiumus dorsi originate and insert?

A

T7 to T12, 9th to the 12th ribs and part of the iliac crest

Fibres twist as they insert onto the humerus ie the lowe bundles insert highest onto the humerus

31
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extenstion, Adduction, Horizontal abduction and internal rotation of the shoulder joint

32
Q

Which nerves innervate the latissimus dorsi?

A

C6 -C8

33
Q

What is the function of the teres major?

A

Adducts the arm at the shoulder joint, extends and rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint

34
Q

Where does the teres major originate and insert?

A

Lower lateral border and inferior angle of the scapula

Inserts onto the bicipital groove of the humerus

35
Q

Which nerves innervate the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

36
Q

What is the role of the deltoid?

A

Flexion, medial rotation and anterior abduction to the first 90 degrees

37
Q

Where does the deltoid originate and insert?

A

Lateral end of the clavicle, acromium of the scapula and the spine of the scapula
Inserts onto the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

38
Q

Which nerves innervate the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

39
Q

What are the actions at the shoulder joint?

A

Flex and extend
Rotate
Adduct and Abduct

40
Q

Which 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres minor

41
Q

Where does the subscapularis originate and insert?

A

Axillary border of the subscapular fossa

Inserts onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus

42
Q

What is the function of the subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint

43
Q

Where does the subscapularis receive its nerve supply?

A

Subscapular nerve

44
Q

Where does the supraspinatus originate and insert?

A

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Inserts onto the superior aspect of the greater tubercle of the humerus

45
Q

What is the function of the supraspinatus??

A

Abduction of the arm to the first 15 degrees

Stabilises shoulder by drawing the humerus towards the glenoid fossa of the scapula

46
Q

Which nerves supply the supraspinatous?

A

Suprascapular nerve

47
Q

Where does the teres minor originate and insert?

A

From the lateral border and adjacent posterior surface of the scapula (middle of scapula)
Inserts on to the greater tubercle of the humerus

48
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

Modulates action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upwards as the arm is abducted
Rotates the arm laterally

49
Q

What is the role of the infraspinatous?

A

Laterally rotates the arm and helps stabilise the shoulder

50
Q

Where does the infraspinatous originate and insert?

A

Infraspinatous of the scapula

Inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the teres minor?

A

The axillary nerve

52
Q

Which nerves innervate the infraspinatous?

A

Suprascapular nerve

53
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

As it passes past the first rib

54
Q

Which other arteries supply the arm?

A

The suprascapular artery and the transverse cervical artery

Anatomy (9 decks)

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