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Anatomy > Liver, Stomach, Pancreas and Spleen > Flashcards

Liver, Stomach, Pancreas and Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

The liver

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2
Q

Where does the liver mainly lie?

A

The hypochondrium

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3
Q

What are the lobes of the liver?

A

The right - largest on the right side
The left lobe - on the left side
The caudate lobe - inbetween the left and right
The quadrate lobe - bottom of the liver

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4
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A

The liver synthesises bile that is discharged into the duodenum via the common bile duct

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5
Q

Which organ connects to the liver via the bile duct?

A

The gallbladder

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6
Q

Describe the liver lobule

A 
Central vein surrounded by 6 portal triads making the anatomical module which is a hexagon shape
The portal triads contain a portal venule, a portal arteriole and the bile duct
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7
Q

What is the liver acinus?

A

Describes the physiology and is diamond shaped
Contains 2 triads and 2 central veins
Has 3 zones; cells in zone 1 absorb nutrients but those in zone 3 do not absorb as much
Blood flows from the center to the periphary
Bile flows from the periphary to the center

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8
Q

What is the bare area?

A

On top of the right lobe

Large triangular surface of the liver which is not covered by the peritoneum

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9
Q

Which ligament runs between the left lobe and the right lobe?

A

Falciform ligament

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10
Q

What is in the hilus of the liver?

A

Common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic proper artery

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11
Q

Where does the vena cava lie in relation to the liver and what does it divide?

A

Behind the liver

Divides the right and caudate lobe

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12
Q

What is the main blood supply to the liver?

A

Portal vein = 75%

Other 25% comes from the hepatic artery

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13
Q

What is the role of the portal vein?

A

Nutrient rich as its blood comes from the spleen pancreas and the intestine

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14
Q

What is the role of the hepatic artery?

A

A branch of the coeliac trunk which is oxygenated but is nutrient poor

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15
Q

What is the left triangular ligament?

A

A fold which connects the posterior part of the upper surface of the left lobe to the diaphragm
Its anterior layer is continuous with the left falciform ligament

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16
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A

Attaches the anterior wall of the liver to the body wall and separates the left and right lobe of the liver
It drops down from the hilum of the liver

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17
Q

Why do secondary metastases occur in the liver of a patient who has cancer of the GI tract?

A

75% of blood to the liver is from the HPV so cancer cells from the GI tract can spread

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18
Q

What links the gallbladder and the liver?

A

The common hepatic duct

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19
Q

Where does the gallbladder lie?

A

In the depression between the right and quadrate lobe

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20
Q

Where can the fundus of the gallbladder be palpatated?

A

The bottom of the ribs

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21
Q

Where does the common bile duct go?

A

To the pancreas

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22
Q

What links the common bile duct to the gallbladder?

A

The cystic duct

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23
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

24
Q

Where does the pancreas lie?

A

Within the curvature of the duodenum

25
Q

What do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct form when they meet?

A

The ampulla of Vater

26
Q

What is the role of the ampulla of vater?

A

Regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice through the ampulla

27
Q

What is the role of the sphincter odi?

A

Controls the release of bile through the ampulla

28
Q

Where is the ucinate process?

A

Close to the head of the pancreas

29
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas and the ucinate process lie?

A

Anterior to the abdominal wall and the inferior vena cava

30
Q

Where does the tail of the pancreas reach?

A

The hilum of the spleen

31
Q

What does the coeliac trunk divide into?

A

The common hepatic artery, the splenic artery and the left gastric artery

32
Q

What does the common hepatic artery split into?

A

Proper hepatic artery, Right gastric artery and the Gastro-duodenal artery

33
Q

What does the splenic artery split into?

A

Short gastric, Left gastroepiploic and the splenic artery

34
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

The lesser curvature of the stomach

35
Q

What does the splenic artery supply?

A

The pancreas and the spleen

36
Q

What does the left gastroepiploic artery and the short gastric artery supply?

A

The greater curvature of the stomach

37
Q

What does the gastro-duodenal supply?

A

Pylorus and the duodenum

38
Q

What does the splenic vein join into?

A

The portal vein

39
Q

What do the cardia, fundus and body serve as in the stomach?

A

A resevoir for food

40
Q

Where does the stomach receive its nerve supply?

A

The vagus nerve

41
Q

Where does the vagus nerve enter the abdomen?

A

Through the diaphragm either side of the oespophagus

42
Q

Where does the stomach receive its sympathetic fibres from?

A

The coeliac plexus that surrounds the root of the coeliac trunk

43
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

The left hypochondriac

In the midaxillary line adjacent to the 9th and 11th ribs

44
Q

How is the spleen held in place?

A

By double thickened layers of mesentery to the posterior abdominal wall to the stomach

45
Q

What does the splenic vein join to?

A

The hepatic portal vein

46
Q

What is the clinical significance of the bare area?

A

It is an area where infection can spread from the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

47
Q

What is the ligmentum teres and what is its developmental significance?

A

Degenerate string of tissues also known as the round ligament
Exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament
Represents remnants of the fetal umbilical vein

48
Q

What is the aetiology of gastric ulcers?

A

Usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H.pylon and erosion from stomach acid

49
Q

Where are gastric ulcers found?

A

The stomach and the upper small intestine

50
Q

What makes up the bed of the stomach?

A 
Pancreas
Stomach
Left Kidney
Suprarenal gland
Transverse colon
Mesocolon
Diaphragm
51
Q

What types of physical obstruction might cause jaundice?

A

The bile dict sytsem = gall bladder unable to move bile to the digestive system
eg gallstones, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder or bile duct cancer

52
Q

What could cause a ruptured spleen?

A

A forceful blow to the abdomen eg in a car crash

53
Q

What is the role of the spleen?

A

Helps fight infection and filers red blood cells from the blood when they are too old

54
Q

What happens of the spleen is ruptured?

A

Life threatening bleeding into the abdominal cavity

55
Q

What are the roles of the pancreas?

A

Exocrine - produces enzymes for digestion released into the pancreatic duct into the duodenum to aid digestion of fats, lipids and proteins
Endocrine - Releases hormones into blood stream eg insulin

Anatomy (9 decks)

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