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Neuroscience 10 > The Sensorimotor System > Flashcards

The Sensorimotor System Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the concept of adequate
stimulus

A

Adequate stimulus: The type of stimulus that a sensory organ is adapted to. Light energy for the eye.

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2
Q

Describe sensory transduction and
sensory threshold

A

Sensory transduction: Conversion of electrical energy from a stimulus into a change in membrane potential in a receptor cell.

Sensory threshold: the minimum intensity of a stimulus needed to trigger a detectable sensation

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3
Q

Explain how sensory systems encode
stimulus intensity and location.

A

Sensory receptors encode the intensity of a stimulus through sensory adaptation, where the number of activated receptors and strength of electrical signals sent to the nervous system increase proportionally to the stimulus intensity

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4
Q

Define adaptation

A

How our senses adjust to continuous stimuli over time.

Sensory adaptation: progressive decrease in a receptor’s response to sustained stimulation.

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5
Q

Describe each step of the Dorsal column-
medial lemniscus pathway

A

1) Mechanoreceptors activated by touch
2) Unipolar neurons that are connected to that receptor synapse onto (talk to) the dorsal column of spinal cord
3) These neurons then travel ipsilaterally to the medulla to synapse onto dorsal column nuclei
4) The next set of neurons decussates (crosses over) to contralateral (opposite)
side and travels up the medial lemniscus to
synapse on the thalamus
5) The neurons that come from the thalamus projects to primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
6) Neurons ascend to thalamus
7) The left thalamus receives info about the
right and vice versa

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6
Q

Identify & describe fiber types involved
in touch and pain (ex: C Fiber)

A

A delta: Large-diameter, myelinated axons (sends pain information fast)
C fibers: Thin, unmyelinated fibers (Sends pain information slowly after injury)

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7
Q

Describe phantom limb pain

A

A type of chronic neuropathic pain that is
perceived to occur where the limb once was.

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8
Q

Somatosensation

A

Touch

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9
Q

Gustatory

A

Taste

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10
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

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11
Q

Auditory

A

Hearing

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12
Q

Visual

A

Eyesight

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13
Q

Proprioception

A

Where our bodies are in the world

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14
Q

Patient IW

A

Needed his eyes to coordinate movement

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15
Q

Sensory receptor organs

A

Organs specialized to detect a stimulus

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16
Q

Receptor cells

A

Convert the stimulus into an electrical signal

17
Q

What type of energy do our senses use to communicate with our brains?

A

Action Potentials

18
Q

How does our brain recognize distinct senses?

A

Separate nerve tracts called labeled lines

19
Q

What are detectors?

A

An organ or cell that is able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve.
Ex. Rod, cones, free nerve endings, messiner corpuscle

20
Q

Receptor potential

A

The change in membrane potential that occurs when a receptor is activated by a stimulus

21
Q

Tactile acuity

A

The ability to accurately detect a stimulus

22
Q

Slow adapting receptors

A

A receptor that fires
for the duration of a
constant stimulus

23
Q

Rapidly adapting receptors

A

A receptor that fires at the
onset and offset of an
otherwise continuous
stimulus

24
Q

Modality

A

Detected by which class of sensory receptor is activated

25
Q

What is sensory information mediated by?

A

Dorsal root ganglion cells

26
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Directly impacted by mechanical stimulus causing ion channels to open

27
Q

4 Types

A

Paninian Corpuscle: Vibration and pressure
Ruffini Corpuscle: Stretch
Merkel’s Disc: Touch
Free Nerve Endings: Pain, itch, temperature

28
Q

Type 1 Fibers

A

Superficially located

29
Q

Type 2 Fibers

A

Deeper in the skin

30
Q

What type of receptor is the Paninian Corpuscle?

A

RA, Type 2

31
Q

What type of receptor is the Ruffini Corpuscle?

A

SA, Type 2, Wide receptive fields

32
Q

What type of receptor is Merkel’s disc?

A

SA, Type 1, Smallest receptive fields

33
Q

What type of receptor is Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

RA, Type 1

34
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Information from peripheral nerves is
sent to central nervous system

35
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex (s1)

A

Located in the postcentral gyrus;
receives touch information from the opposite side of the body.

36
Q

Nociceptors

A

Peripheral receptors on free nerve endings
that respond to painful stimuli.

37
Q

Descending tracts

A

Motor commands from the brain to muscles and glands

38
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Neurons process afferent sensory information (towards the brain)

39
Q

Ventral horn

A

Neurons process efferent sensory information (away from the brain)

Neuroscience 10 (5 decks)

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