Taste and Smell

Question 1

Gustatory system

Answer 1

Taste system

Question 2

Papillae

Answer 2

Bumps on tounge NOT taste buds

Question 3

Tastants

Answer 3

Excite receptor cells on the tounge, produce the sensation of taste

Question 4

Taste buds

Answer 4

Contain taste receptor cells built into the walls of the papillae

Question 5

Taste receptor cells

Answer 5

Have microvill which contact the tastants

Question 6

What is the order

Answer 6

Papillae> Taste Bud> Taste cells

Question 7

What are the 5 different tastes ?

Answer 7

Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Umami

Question 8

Circumvallate Papillae

Answer 8

Found on the back of the tounge and sensitive to bitter flavors

Question 9

Foliate Papillae

Answer 9

Found on the sides of the tounge, near the back and sensitive to sour tastes

Question 10

Fungiform Papillae

Answer 10

Found on the tip and sides of the tounge, sensitive to sweet, salty, and umami flavors

Question 11

Flavor

Answer 11

The perception of taste

Question 12

Sweet, bitter, and umami equal

Answer 12

G- protein-coupled receptors that result in activation of second messengers.

Question 13

Salty and sour equal

Answer 13

Ions that activate ion channels

Question 14

The gustatory system parts

Answer 14

1) Three cranial nerves (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)
2) Brainstem nuclei
3) Thalamus
4) Gustatory cortex

Question 15

Pattern coding

Answer 15

tastes may be based on temporal patterns
of action potentials

Question 16

What is the only sense that bypasses the thalamus?

Answer 16

Olfaction

Question 17

olfactory epithelium

Answer 17

Where the sense of smell starts, with receptor neurons in the nose

Question 18

What are the three types of cells in the epithelium

Answer 18

1. Supporting cells
2. Basal cells
3. Receptor neurons

Question 19

Odor receptor neurons

Answer 19

CAN fire action potentials

Question 20

Steps of the Olfactory System

Answer 20

1.Odorant receptors on
the cilia of the ORN
can interact with
odorants in the air.

2.Odorants bind to
specific receptors

3. Binding causes
   depolarization of the
   cilia membrane

Question 21

Where do odor receptor neurons end?

Answer 21

Olfactory bulb

Question 22

What is the olfactory bulb organized into?

Answer 22

glomeruli—roughly spherical units

Question 23

Mitral cells

Answer 23

relay neurons,
also known as projection
neurons, that convey and refine
information after initial sensory
input has been detected and
relayed to the olfactory bulb

Question 24

Are olfactory receptor neurons regenerative ?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)

Answer 25

Where the brain integrates taste and smell information

Question 26

Anosmias

Answer 26

“odor blindnesses,”
meaning they can’t detect certain
smells.

Question 27

Cilia

Answer 27

tiny, hair-like structures in the nose that move mucus and trapped particles out of the body

Question 28

Where are the mitral cells located ?

Answer 28

Located in the olfactory bulb of the brain, specifically within a layer called the mitral cell layer, where they receive signals from olfactory receptor neurons through synapses in structures called glomeruli; essentially, they are the primary projection neurons of the olfactory bulb responsible for processing smell information