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Psychology > The Science of Psychology > Flashcards

The Science of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Behavior is influenced by other people.

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of human behavior.

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2
Q

Cultural Psychology

A

Behavior is influenced by culture.

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3
Q

Science

A

The understanding of the universe through systematic empiricism, public verification, and the scientific method.

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4
Q

Systematic Empiricism

A

An unbiased sample of observable Phnomena.

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5
Q

Public Verification

A

Findings must be produced Publicly for review, scrutiny, replication, and verification by others & extensions.

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6
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Watching animals/humans behave in their natural environment.

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7
Q

Participant Observation

A

Researcher embeds themselves in the group.

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8
Q

Observer Effect

A

Participants behave differently when being observed.

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9
Q

Observer Bias

A

Observer’s beliefs influence their perception of what is happening.

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10
Q

Laboratory Observation

A

Watching humans/animals behave in a laboratory setting.

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11
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable manipulated by the experimenter.

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12
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable measured by the experimenter.

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13
Q

Doctor of Philosophy

A

Doctorate which trains graduate to do research.

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14
Q

Doctor of Psychology

A

Focus on practical application.

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15
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Can perscribe medication

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16
Q

Mental Processes

A

All the internal, covert activity of our minds

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17
Q

Objective Interospection

A

The process of objectivley Examing and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

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18
Q

Objectivity

A

Expressing/dealing with facts/conditons as they really are w/out allowing the influence of personal feelings. prejudices, or interpretations

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19
Q

Functionalism

A

The study of how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.

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20
Q

Natural Selection

A

Physical traits help an animal survive and are passed down to it’s offspring

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21
Q

Heredity

A

The transmission of traits and characteristics from parent to offspring through the actions of genes

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22
Q

Perceiving

A

Becoming aware of something through the senses

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23
Q

Sensing

A

Seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or smelling something

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24
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Study of the preception of patterns and whole figures

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25
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Study of learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solving

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26
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

The theory of personality and the therapy based on it

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27
Q

Psychotherapy

A

A trained psychological professional helps a person gain insight into and change their behavior

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28
Q

Reflex

A

An invoulantary reaction

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29
Q

Behaviorism

A

Study of Observable behavior only

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30
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

The development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior

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31
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Responses that are followed by pleasurable consequences are strengthend

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32
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human

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33
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

34
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The study of the physical working of the brain and nervous system

35
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

The influence of social interactions, society, and culture on an individual’s thinking and behavior.

36
Q

Social Psychology

A

The study of groups, social roles, rules of social actions, and relationships

37
Q

Cultural Psychology

A

The study of cultural norms, values, and expectations

38
Q

Norms

A

Standards or expected behavior

39
Q

Cross-cultural Research

A

Contrasts and compares a behavior/issue studied in at least 2 cultures

40
Q

Bystander Effect

A

The presence of other people lessens the chance a person in trouble will receive help

41
Q

Diffusion of Responsibilty

A

The tendencey to feel that someone else is resposible for taking action when others are present

42
Q

Biopsychological Persepective

A

human & animal behavior is seen as a direct result of events in a body

43
Q

Biopsychology

A

The Study of the biological bases of behavior and mental process

44
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

the biological bases for universal mental characterisitcs that all humans share.

45
Q

Psychologist

A

No medical training but has a doctorate

46
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Has a medical degree and is a physician specializing in diangnosis and treatment

47
Q

Psychiatric Social Worker

A

Trained in social work and has a master’s degree

48
Q

Basic Research

A

Research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge

49
Q

Applied Research

A

Answering real-world, practical problems

50
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Making reasoned judgments about claims

51
Q

Criteria

A

Standards on which a judgment should be made

52
Q

The scientific Approach

A

System of Gathering Data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced

52
Q

Theory

A

A general explanation of a set of observations or facts

53
Q

Prediction

A

Determining what will happen in the future

54
Q

Hypothesis

A

Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations

55
Q

Willhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

A

Attempted to apply scientific principles to the study of the human mind

56
Q

Belived that conciousness, the state of being aware, could be broken down into basic elements

A

Willhelm Wundt

57
Q

Structuralism

A

Study focused on the structure of the mind

58
Q

The development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other than sexual motivations

A

Psychodynamic Perspective

59
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Responses that are followed by pleasurable consequences are strengthend

60
Q

focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human

A

Humanistic Perspective

61
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

How people think, remember, store, and use information

62
Q

Memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

A

Cognitive Perspective

63
Q

The study of the physical working of the brain and nervous system

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

64
Q

The influence of social interactions, society, and culture on an individual’s thinking and behavior.c

A

Sociocultural Perspective

65
Q

The study of groups, social roles, rules of social actions, and relationships

A

Social Psychology

66
Q

The study of cultural norms, values, and expectations

A

Cultural Psychology

67
Q

Standards or expected behavior

A

Norms

68
Q

No medical training but has a doctorate

A

Psychologist

69
Q

Contrasts and compares a behavior/issue studied in at least 2 cultures

A

Cross-cultural Research

70
Q

Has a medical degree and is a physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment

A

Psychiatrist

71
Q

Trained in social work and has a master’s degree

A

Psychiatric Social Worker

72
Q

the entire group of people/animals in which the researcher is interested

A

Population

73
Q

Randomly

A

Selected so that each member of the group has an equal chance of being chosen

74
Q

not being named or identified

A

anonymous

75
Q

Correlation

A

is a measure of the relationship between two or more variables

76
Q

Anything that can change or vary

A

Variables

77
Q

Correlation coeffecient

A

The direction of the relationship and its strength

78
Q

The expectations of the participants influence their behavior

A

Placebo Effect

79
Q

Experimenters expectations influence the results

A

Experimenter Effect

80
Q

single-blind studies

A

Participants don’t know if they are control or blind

81
Q

Single blind and double blind

A

Blind Studies

82
Q

Double-blind studies

A

Researchers and Participants don’t know who is in the control or experiment group

Psychology (9 decks)

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