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Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Different Between individuals, stable within an individual, and stable across time & context

A

Personality

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2
Q

Personality

A

Unique and relatively stable ways in which a person, thinks, feels, and behaves.

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3
Q

Includes character and temperment

A

Personality

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4
Q

Character

A

Value judgments made about a person’s moral and ethical behaviors.

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5
Q

Temperment

A

Enduring characteristics you’re born with.

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6
Q

Personality develops through a person’s experiences and social environment.

A

Behavioral and Social Cognitive Perspective

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7
Q

Our genetics and biological differences influence consistent ways of behaving.

A

Biological Perspective

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8
Q

Personality contains measurable, consistent, enduring ways of thinking, feeling, or behavior.

A

Trait Theories

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9
Q

Personality is a set of learned responses/habits

A

Behavioral Perspective

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10
Q

Applies concepts of classical conditioning & operant conditioning to explain development of personality.

A

Behavioral Perspective

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11
Q

Habit

A

Well-learned response that has become automatic

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12
Q

Excludes mental processes, social influence on learning, and inherent genetic variation

A

Behavioral Perspective

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13
Q

Emphasizes influences of others’ behaviors and person’s own experiences on learning.

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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14
Q

Includes cognitive processes such as interpreting, judging, memory, and imitation of models

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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15
Q

Expands behaviorism’s learned experiences by adding internal & interpersonal processes

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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16
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

Environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior.

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17
Q

Self-efficacy

A

One’s perception of how effective their efforts are to accomplish a goal.

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18
Q

The Environment

A

physical surroundings and the potential for reinforcement

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19
Q

The Person

A

personal or cognitive characteristics that have been rewarded in the past

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20
Q

The Behavior
Itself

A

might be reinforced at this particular time and place

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21
Q

Includes social and metal processes

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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22
Q

Includes interaction between actions and external situations

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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23
Q

Recognizes peoples’ ability to change

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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24
Q

Scientifically tested & supported

A

Social Cognitive Perspective

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25
Q

Motivation based

A

Social Learning theory

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26
Q

Locus of control

A

Internal vs. external

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27
Q

Biological “nature” of personality

A

Biological Perspective

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28
Q

Helps us understand degree to which our personality is linked to our parents and close relatives

A

Biological Perspective

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29
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

Devoted to discovering genetic bases for personality characteristics.

30
Q

Heritability

A

How much some trait within a population can be attributed to genetic influences

31
Q

Multiple levels of mechanisms working together

A

Neuroscience

32
Q

Personality Neuroscience

A

Aspects of personality are related to consistent patterns of function in the brain

33
Q

Genes, brain, and nervous system differences

A

Neuroscience

34
Q

Recognizes genetic variations

A

Neuroscience

35
Q

Science based

A

Neuroscience

36
Q

Describing personality components and using personality to predict behavior

A

Trait Theories

37
Q

Scientific rigor & statistical techniques

A

Trait Theories

38
Q

trait

A

Consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving.

39
Q

Traits are…

A

one part of personality…

40
Q

Personalities are made up of…

A

…mulitple traits

41
Q

OCEAN

A

Big Five Model

42
Q

Openness

A

Willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences

43
Q

Consientiousness

A

The care you give to organization and thoughtfulness of others.

44
Q

Extraversion

A

Need to be with other people

45
Q

Agreeableness

A

Emotional style

46
Q

Neuroticism

A

Degree of emotional stablitiy

47
Q

People are mostly stable on five-factor model traits over time & across contexts

A

Trait Theories

48
Q

traits are useful for making predictions

A

Trait Theories

49
Q

Tests consisting of statements that require a specific, standardized response from the person taking the test

A

Personality Inventories

50
Q

Standardized administration and scoring

A

Personality Inventories

51
Q

High validity and reliability

A

Personality Inventories

52
Q

Responders can give false answers

A

Personality Inventories

53
Q

Social desirability Bias

A

Answering in a way that is socially expected

54
Q

Personality assesment

A

Interviews

55
Q

Professional asks questions of the clients and allows clients to answer, either in an unstructured or semi-structured interview

A

Interviews

56
Q

Flexible and open nature allows for in-depth exploration

A

Interviews

57
Q

People lie and interviewer can be biased

A

Interviews

58
Q

Professional observes client engaged in ordinary, day-to-day behavior.

A

Behavioral Assessment

59
Q

Clinical or natural setting

A

Behavioral Assessment

60
Q

Rating scale —> Frequency count

A

Behavioral Assessment`

61
Q

Does not rely on self-report

A

Behavioral Assessment

62
Q

Observer effect and observer bias

A

Behavioral Assessment

63
Q

Invalid and unrealiable

A

Behavioral Assessment

64
Q

Animals have…

A

…personality

65
Q

We measure animals personality’s with…

A

…Behavioral Observation and personality inventories by familiar humans.

66
Q

Assumes universal traits

A

Top-down Approach

67
Q

Maps observations to framework

A

Top-down Approach

68
Q

Improves comparisons between species

A

Top-down Approach

69
Q

Assumes species-specific traits

A

Bottom-up Approach

70
Q

Generates traits from how behaviors group together

A

Bottom-up Approach

71
Q

Improve percision of measuerment within a species

A

Bottom-up Approach

Psychology (9 decks)

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