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Psychology > LSD: Part 1 > Flashcards

LSD: Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cross-Sectional, Longitudal, and Cross-Sequential

A

Research Designs

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2
Q

Several different age groups are studied at one specific time.

A

Cross-Sectional Designs

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3
Q

Longitudal Design

A

One group of people studied at different times as the group ages.

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4
Q

Participants studied first cross-sectionally and then longitudnally

A

Cross-Sequential Design

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5
Q

Nature and Nurture both affect…

A

…personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions.

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6
Q

All people are a result of both of these

A

Nature and Nurture

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7
Q

Nature

A

Influence of biological and inherited characteristics on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions.

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8
Q

Influence of environments on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

A

Nurture

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9
Q

DNA

A

Molecules containing Genetic Material of an organism

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10
Q

Section of DNA having same arrangement of chemical elements

A

Genes

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11
Q

Genes determine…

A

…traits

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12
Q

Dominant Genes

A

Actively control expression of trait.

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13
Q

Must be paired with a recessive gene in order to be expressed.

A

Recessive Genes

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14
Q

Chromosome

A

Tightly wound strand of DNA

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15
Q

Each of these is made up of several genes

A

Chromosome

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16
Q

Humans have 46 of these, they get half from the egg and half from the sperm

A

Chromosome

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17
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes that determine human characteristics

A

Autosomes

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18
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

23rd pair of chromosomes that determine sex.

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19
Q

XX

A

Femal

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20
Q

XY

A

Male

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21
Q

Ovum and Sperm unite

A

Fertilization

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22
Q

Ovum

A

Female sex cell/egg

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23
Q

Male sex cell

A

Sperm

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24
Q

Result of Fertilization

A

Zygote

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25
Q

Mytosis

A

Zygote divides until mass of cell becomes a fetus.

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26
Q

One egg

A

Monozygotic

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27
Q

Dizygotic

A

Two eggs

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28
Q

Germinal Period, Embryonic Period, Critical Period

A

3 Periods of Pregnancy

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29
Q

Germinal Period

A

Germinal Period First two weeks after fertilization

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30
Q

Zygote moves to uterus and implants in uterine lining

A

Germinal Period

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31
Q

Organ that contains and protects developing organism

A

Uterus

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32
Q

Formation of placenta and umbillical cord

A

Germinal Period

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33
Q

Embryonic Period

A

2-8 weeks after fertilization

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34
Q

Major organs and structures develop

A

Embryonic Period

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35
Q

Developing organism from 2-8 weeks after fertilization

A

Embryo

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36
Q

Times during which some environmental influences can have the greatest impacts on development

A

Critical Period

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37
Q

Teratogens

A

Factors that can cause birth defects

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38
Q

Fetal Period

A

8 weeks - birth

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39
Q

Developing organism from 8 weeks - birth

A

Fetus

40
Q

38-40weeks

A

Full Term

41
Q

Preterm

A

Babies born prior to 38 weeks

42
Q

Miscarriages are more likely to occur during…

A

…the first 3 months

43
Q

Raising head & chest, rolling over, sitting up w/support, sitting up w/out support, crawling, walking

A

Six Motor Milestones

44
Q

2-4 months

A

Raising head & chest

45
Q

2-5 months

A

rolling over

46
Q

4-6 months

A

sitting up with suppport

47
Q

6-7 months

A

sitting up without support

48
Q

7-8 months

A

crawling

49
Q

8-18 months

A

walking

50
Q

Grasping, startle, rooting, stepping, sucking

A

Five Infant Reflexes

51
Q

Moro Reflex

A

Startle reflex

52
Q

4-Stage theory of Cognitive Development

A

Piaget’s Theory

53
Q

Mental concepts formed by children as they experience new situations and events

A

Schemas

54
Q

Assimilation

A

Process of understanding new things in terms of already possessed schemas

55
Q

Process of altering or adjusting old schemas to fit new info. and experiences

A

Accomodation

56
Q

Sensory Motor Stage, Peroperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal Operations Stage

A

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stages

57
Q

Sensory Motor Stage

A

Birth-2yrs. old

58
Q

1st stage of Piaget’s theory

A

Sensory Motor Stage

59
Q

Child uses senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in environmnet

A

Sensory Motor Stage

60
Q

Symbolic Thought begins

A

Sensory Motor Stage

61
Q

Object Permanence

A

Knowledge that an object exists even when it can not be seen

62
Q

Peroperational Stage

A

2yrs-7yrs

63
Q

2nd Stage of Piaget’s theory

A

Peroperational Stage

64
Q

Preschool-age child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world

A

Peroperational Stage

65
Q

Child can’t conserve, logically reason, or simultaneously consider many characteristics of an object

A

Peroperational Stage

66
Q

Ability to understand that changing the appearnance of an object does not change its nature

A

Conservation

67
Q

Centration

A

Focusing on one feature of a thing while ignoring the rest

68
Q

Lack of conservation

A

Centration

69
Q

Concrete Operations Stage

A

7yrs.-12yrs.

70
Q

3rd Stage of Piaget’s Theory

A

Concrete Operations Stage

71
Q

School-age child becomes capable of logical thought processess

A

Concrete Operations Stage

72
Q

Child not capable of abstract thought

A

Concrete Operations Stage

73
Q

Formal Operations Stage

A

12 yrs. - Adulthood

74
Q

4th Stage of Piaget’s theory

A

Formal Operations Stage

75
Q

An Adolescent becomes capable of abstract thought

A

Formal Operations Stage

76
Q

Not everyone reaches this part of Piaget’s theory

A

Formal Operations Stage

77
Q

Vygotsky’s Theory

A

Emphasizes role of others and importance of social & cultural interaction in cognitive development

78
Q

ZPD

A

Zone of Proximinal Development

79
Q

Difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do with a teacher

A

Zone of Proximinal Development

80
Q

Scaffolding

A

Process in which a more skilled learner helps a less skilled learner and gradually reduces how much they help

81
Q

Child “thinking out loud”

A

Private speech

82
Q

Piaget thought this was egotistical

A

Private speech

83
Q

Determines age related differences

A

Cross-sectional Designs

84
Q

Determines age related changes

A

Longitudinal Design

85
Q

Determines age related differences and age related changes

A

Cross-sequential design`

86
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

87
Q

Research Designs

A

Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, cross-sequential

88
Q

One group of people is followed an assessed at different times as they age

A

Longitudinal

89
Q

Several different age groups are studied at one time

A

Cross-sectional

90
Q

Combiniation of longitudinal and cross-sectional

A

Cross-sequential

91
Q

Most developmental psychologists agree that the most likely explanation for most human development is based on the interaction between…

A

…nature and nurture

92
Q

Refers to heredity and the influence of inherited characteristics on personality , growth, intellect, social skills,

A

Nature

93
Q

refers to influence of environment in inherited traits

A

Nurture

94
Q

Includes parenting styles, socioeconomic status, physical surrondings, ect.

A

Nurture

95
Q

Contains genetic codes and chromosomes

A

DNA

96
Q

The science of heredity

A

Genetics

97
Q
A

Psychology (9 decks)

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