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Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology

A

how human Affect, Behavior, and Cognition are influenced by others

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2
Q

Changing one’s behavior to match the behaviors of others

A

Conformity

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3
Q

Compliance

A

Changing one’s behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change

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4
Q

asking for a small commitment and, after gaining
compliance, asking for a bigger commitment

A

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

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5
Q

Door-in-the-Face Technique

A

asking for a large commitment and then, after being
refused, asking for a smaller commitment

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6
Q

Once a commitment is made, increase the “cost” because the purchaser has already committed

A

Lowball Technique

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7
Q

Obedience

A

Change in behavior due to direct order from authority

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8
Q

Occurs when people place more importance on
maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned

A

Group Think

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9
Q

Can make terrible decisions

A

Group Think

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10
Q

Leaders should remain impartial, Seek opinions outside the group, Vote by secret ballots

A

Minimizing groupthink

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11
Q

The tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated
in a group discussion

A

Group Polarization

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12
Q

When like-minded people are concerned about an issue, their views will become more extreme after discussing it together

A

Group Polarization

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13
Q

Social Loafing

A

Tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task, especially when individual contributions can’t be measured

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14
Q

positive influence of others on performance

A

Social facilitation

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15
Q

The presence of others creates enough arousal to improve performance on easy tasks

A

Social facilitation

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16
Q

negative influence of others on performance

A

Social impairment

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17
Q

The presence of others when the task is difficult creates too much arousal and impairs performance on difficult tasks

A

Social impairment

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18
Q

Decrease in self-awareness resulting in decreased self-regulation and greater conformity to surrounding group norms

A

Deindividuation

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19
Q

results from feelings of anonymity, lack of accountability, and the energizing effects of being lost in a crowd

A

Deindividuation

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20
Q

results in more impulsive, emotional, irrational, and
antisocial behaviors

A

Deindividuation

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21
Q

Attitude

A

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation

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22
Q

Affective, behavioral, cognitive

A

3 components of attitude

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23
Q

Feelings

A

Affect

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24
Q

Actions

A

Behavior

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25
Q

Thoughts

A

Cognitive

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26
Q

poor predictors of behavior; what people say and do are often very different

A

Attitudes

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27
Q

may not reflect in their behavior

A

Attitudes

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28
Q

Strong ones are more likely to predict
behavior than weak ones

A

Attitudes

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29
Q

Direct contact with the person,
situation, object, or idea

A

Attitude Formation

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30
Q

Direct instruction from parents or others

A

Attitude Formation

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31
Q

Interacting with other people who hold a certain attitude

A

Attitude Formation

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32
Q

Vicarious conditioning: watching the actions and reactions of others to ideas, people, objects, and situations

A

Attitude Formation

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33
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a
person’s behavior does not correspond to that person’s attitudes

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34
Q

change the conflicting behavior

A

Reducing dissonance

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35
Q

change the conflicting attitude

A

Reducing dissonance

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36
Q

Persuasion

A

The process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or
explanation

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37
Q

focused on the quality of the message arguments

A

Central Processing

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38
Q

High motivation and ability to think about the message

A

Central Processing

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39
Q

Lasting change that resists fading and counterattacks

A

Central Processing

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40
Q

Low motivation or ability to think about the message

A

Peripheral Processing

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41
Q

focused on surface features such as the communicator’s attractiveness or the number of arguments presented

A

Peripheral Processing

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42
Q

Temporary change that that is susceptible to
fading and counterattack

A

Peripheral Processing

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43
Q

Stereotype

A

A characteristic believed applicable to all members of a social group

44
Q

The process of applying a stereotype to a particular group member

A

Stereotyping

45
Q

Prejudice

A

negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group

46
Q

treating people differently because of prejudice toward the social group to which they belong

A

Discrimination

47
Q

ageism

A

prejudice

48
Q

sexism

A

prejudice

49
Q

racism

A

prejudice

50
Q

sexual prejudice

A

prejudice

51
Q

trans prejudice

A

prejudice

52
Q

In-groups

A

social groups with whom a person identifies

53
Q

“us”

A

In-group

54
Q

Out-groups

A

social groups with whom a person does not identify

55
Q

“them”

A

Out-groups

56
Q

Equal status contact

A

contact between groups in which the groups have equal status, with neither group having power over the other

57
Q

“Jigsaw” classroom

A

educational technique in which each individual is given only part of the information needed to solve a problem, forcing individuals to work together to find the solution

58
Q

Why did a particular behavior occur and To what do we attribute the behavior?

A

Attributions

59
Q

Internal Attribution

A

Refer to traits, attitudes, enduring internal states

60
Q

External Attributions

A

Refer to aspects of the external environment, including other people

61
Q

person, disposition

A

Internal Attribution

62
Q

situational, stimulus

A

External Attributions

63
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Tendency to believe that a behavior is due to a person’s traits or disposition despite the situational causes present

64
Q

Proximinity

A

Causes of interpersonal attraction

65
Q

Physical attractiveness

A

Causes of interpersonal attraction

66
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

the more people experience something the more they like it

67
Q

Reciprocity of liking

A

tendency of people to like other people who like them in return

68
Q

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A

Relationships can be comprised of any one,
two, or all three elements, thus resulting in
seven different possible relationship types

69
Q

Intimacy, Passion, Commitment

A

Sternberg’s three components of love

70
Q

Liking Love

A

Intimacy

71
Q

Companionate Love

A

Intimacy and Commitment

72
Q

Committment

A

without intimacy or passion, common in very long-term marriages

73
Q

Passion

A

Lust, Infatuation, without commitment or
intimacy

74
Q

Intimacy

A

without commitment or passion

75
Q

Intimacy and passion

A

Romantic Love

76
Q

Romantic Love

A

Passion and intimacy without long-term
commitment, common in new relationships

77
Q

Passion and Commitment

A

Fatuous Love

78
Q

Fatuous Love

A

Passion and commitment without intimacy,
common in “shot gun” marriages

79
Q

Relationship characterized by passion,
closeness, and commitment

A

Consumate Love

80
Q

Altruism

A

prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself

81
Q

The effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help

A

Bystander effect

82
Q

Help becomes less likely as the number of bystanders increases

A

Bystander effect

83
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Failure to take responsibility to act because assume that the other people present will act

84
Q

Looks at behavior & mental processes, including the social world in which we exist.

A

Social Psychology

85
Q

We are surroneded by otbers to whom we are connected & by whom we are influnced

A

Social Psychology

86
Q

How the presence of others influences the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual

A

Social Influence

87
Q

The scientifc study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior influence and are influenced by social groups

A

Social Psychology

88
Q

Area of Psychology in which psychologists focus on how human behavior is affected by the presence of other people

A

Social Psychology

89
Q

Process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual

A

Social Influence

90
Q

Changing one’s own behavior to closely match that of other people

A

Conformity

91
Q

Having no clear interpretation/be able to be interpreted in many ways rather than just one way

A

Ambiguous

92
Q

The need to act in ways that we feel will let us be liked & accepted by others

A

Normative Social Influence

93
Q

We take our cues for how to behave from other people when we are in a situation that is not clear/is ambiguous

A

Informative Social Influence

94
Q

When people place more importance on maintaining group cohesivness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned

A

Groupthink

95
Q

Risky Shift Phenomenon

A

Group Polarization

96
Q

Members involved in a group discussion take more extreme positions & suggest riskier actions.

A

Group Polarization

97
Q

Invunerability, Rationalization, Lack of introspection, Stereotyping, Pressure, Lack of disagreement, Self-deception, Insularity

A

Characteristics of Group think

98
Q

Invunerability

A

Members feel they cannot Fail

99
Q

Rationalization

A

Members explain away warning signs & help each other rationalize their decision

100
Q

Lack of introspection

A

Members do not examine the ethical implications of their decisions B.C. they believe that they cannot make immoral choices

101
Q

Stereotyping

A

Members stereotype their enemies as weak, stupid, or unreasonable

102
Q

Pressure

A

Members pressure each other not to question the prevailing opinion

103
Q

Lack of disagreement

A

Members do not express opinions that differ from the group consensus

104
Q

Self-deception

A

Members share in the illusion that they all agree with the decision

105
Q

Insularity

A

Members prevent the group from hearing disruptive but potentially useful info. from people who are outside the group.

106
Q

Unable to be attacked/harmed

A

Invulnerability

Psychology (9 decks)

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