The Roman Empire Flashcards
When was Rome created?
753 BC
Who created Rome?
Romulus and Reemus
What landmark was Rome near?
Tiber River
What was used as protection?
7 hills
What 2 groups made up Rome?
Greek and Etruscans
What part did the Greeks take up?
Naples and Sicily
How did Rome rule at first?
Monarchy
How many kings were there?
5
How many were Etruscan?
4
Who was the 1st Etruscan King?
Romulus (753- 715 BC)
Who was the 2nd Etruscan King?
Noma Pompilius (715-673 BC)
Who was the 3rd Etruscan King?
Tullus Hostilius (673-641 BC)
Who was the 4th Etruscan King?
Ancus Marcus (641-616 BC)
Who was the 5th King?
Tarquin
What ended his reign?
He was overthrown by a revolt
Who led the revolt to overthrow Tarquin?
Lucius Junius Brutus
How many consuls were there?
2
What could the consuls do?
Call for dictators and had absolute command of army
What was Roman Upper-class citizen?
Patrician
What was a Roman Lower-class person?
Plebeians
Who was the “good dictator”?
Cincinnatus
When was Cincinnatus dictator?
458 BC
What was Cincinnatus before he was dictator?
Farmer
Who did Cincinnatus defeat as dictator?
Aequi
What did he do after defeating Aequi?
Went back to the farm
How long was it before Cincinnatus was called for dictator again?
20 years
How many people were in the Roman Senate?
300
What were the 12 Tables?
Laws
In 451 BC plebeians were given ____.
a voice
In 451, Patricians separated plebeians into what?
10 tribes
How many people represented each of the 10 tribes? What were they called?
1, tribune
What was a legion?
group of military soldiers
How many people were in a legion?
5,000
What kind of people made up legions?
Citizens
What class were officers and cavalry?
Upper class
What was a census used for?
Tax and military purposes
Who made the censuses?
Censors
What was a group of military soldiers made of 100 men?
Century
What was a member of a century called?
Centurion
What were the wars occurring in 264-146 BC?
Punic Wars
How many Punic wars were there?
3
Who fought the Punic Wars?
Rome vs. Carthage
Who was the leader of Carthage in the 1st Punic War?
Hamilcar Barca
What did Hamilcar Barca use in battle?
Cavalry and elephants
Where were the major fighting areas in the 1st Punic War?
Sicily and Africa
Who captured Sicily?
Rome
In the 2nd Punic War (218-210 BC), who led Carthage?
Hannibal
What did Hannibal try to do?
Invade Spain
Where in Spain did Hannibal try and invade?
Saguntum
What was Hannibal’s plan in the 2nd Punic War?
Cross Alps with elephants, 20,000 infantry and 6,000 cavalry
What was the major battle of the 2nd Punic War?
Cannae
who led the Romans in the battle of Cannae?
Consul Varro
What did consul Varro do?
Attack Carthage, fell in Hannibal’s trap
Who won the battle of Cannae?
Carthage
What was the next major battle of the 2nd Punic War?
Zama (202 BC)
Who lead the Romans in the battle of Zama?
Scipio Africanus
What did Scipio do?
Defeat Hannibal
How was hannibal defeated?
He surrendered
In the 3rd Punic War (149-146 BC), what happened at the battle of Carthage?
Rome annihilated Carthage
Who won the Punic Wars?
Rome
In Roman Life, who dominated?
Men
What kind of religion did Romans have?
Polytheistic
Who was the king of Roman Gods?
Jupiter
Who was Jupiter’s Wife?
Juna
Who was the God of the sea?
Neptune
Who was the God of War?
Mars
Who were the first group of reformers?
Gracchus brothers
Who were the Gracchus brothers?
Tiberius and Gaius
Who fought the social wars?
Marius and Sulla
What was Sulla?
Dictator
Who lead the Slave Revolt?
Spartacus
When and where was Julius Caesar born?
Rome, July 100 BC
What type/class person was Caesar?
Patrician
How old was Caesar when his dad died?
15
Why did Caesar leave Rome?
his life was in danger from Sulla
What did Caesar study?
Philosophy
Where did Caesar study philosophy?
Rhodes
What did Caesar have?
An army
What did the pirates do to Caesar?
Captured him and held him for ransom
In 69 BC Caesar was elected _____?
Questor
In 62 BC Caesar was elected ____?
Praetor
In 61 BC Caesar was elected ____?
Governor of Spain
When was the First Triumvirate created?
60 BC
Who made up the First Triumvirate?
Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
Who emerged from the triumvirate?
Caesar
Where were the Gallic Wars?
Gaul (France)
Who Fights in the Gallic Wars?
Caesar and Crassus
When does Crassus die?
53 BC
Who had conflict after Gallic Wars?
Caesar and Pompey
In 49 BC Who crossed the Rubicon River?
Caesar
What happened when Caesar defied the Senate?
He went to civil war with Pompey
Who won?
Caesar defeated Pompey and forces
What did Caesar name himself?
Dictator for life
Where was Caesar’s victory?
Zela
“Veni, Vidi, Vici”
“I came, I saw, I conquered”
Who was Cleopatra’s son?
Caesarion
Who was he possibly related to?
Caesar
What did Caesar end up doing?
Returning to Rome
How many people did the Senate get up to?
900
When was Caesar Assassinated?
44 BC
Who were Caesar’s 2 enemies?
Brutus and Cassius
What did Caesar say before he died?
“Et tu Brute?”
How was Caesar killed?
He was stabbed in the back
When did he die?
The ides of March (15)
Where did Caesar die?
Rome
When was the Second Triumvirate?
November 43 BC
What made the Second Triumvirate legal?
Lex Titia
Who was in the Second Triumvirate?
Mark Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
Who was Octavian?
Caesar’s adopted nephew?
Who emerged from the Second Triumvirate?
Octavian
What were lacking in the Second Triumvirate?
Funds
What were on Proscriptions?
Names of wanted people> Consequences were death, banishment, or taking of land
Who was Cicero?
Scholar, writer, orator
Why did Cicero try to flee?
He had a proscription
What happened when he was captured?
He was executed
Who was the target of the Battle of Philippi?
Brutus and Cassius
Who was Antony allies with?
Octavian
Who’s forces were defeated first?
Cassius
What did Cassius do after defeat?
Committed Suicide
How many legions did Brutus have?
4
How was Brutus captured?
He was captured
When Captured what did Brutus do?
Commit suicide
What happened with Antony and Octavian?
They split
What happened when Antony and Octavian split?
Forced a civil war
What was offered in 40n BC?
Treat of Brunoissium
Who offered Treaty?
Antony
Who did Antony Marry?
Octavia
Where was the Battle of Actium?
Greek Coast
When was the Battle of Actium?
September 2, 31 BC
What was a Harpax?
Harpoon kept on ships
Why did Antony urge Cleopatra to flee to Egypt?
For safety
What happened when Octavian defeated the combined forces?
He won the Battle of Actium
In 30 BC, Antony was lead to believe what?
Cleopatra had killed herself
What did Antony do after thinking Cleopatra was dead?
He killed himself
Cleopatra was lead to believe what too?
That antony had killed himself
What did Cleopatra do after Antony’s death?
She killed herself
Octavian took the title of what?
Augustus
When did he take the title of Augustus?
27BC
What was now his?
The army and power
What could Augustus do with his power?
Veto what he didn’t like
When did Octavian/Augustus die?
14 AD
Who did he select to rule?
Tiberius, Son of his wife Livia, and her first husband
What was Pax Romana?
Period of peace in Rome
How long was the Pax Romana?
27 BC-180 BC
What were the Julian Kings?
Bad kings
Who was the first Julian King?
Tiberius (14 AD- 37 AD)
Who was the second Julian King?
Caligula (37 AD- 41 AD)
Who was the third Julian King?
Claudius (41 AD- 54 AD)
Who was the fourth Julian King?
Nero (54 AD- 68 AD)
Who controlled emperors from 68 AD- 96 AD?
Army
Who was the first good emperor?
Nerva (96 AD- 98 AD)
Who was the second good emperor?
Trajan (98-117 AD)
Who was the third good emperor?
Hadrian (117- 138 AD)
Who was the fifth good emperor?
Antonis Pius (138- 161 AD)
Who was the sixth and last good emperor?
Marcus Aurelius
What was Marcus Aurelius?
Philosopher king who ruled with adopted brother
Who was Marcus’ Son?
Commodus
What were Marcus’ writings called?
Meditations
How many balls does Dave have
3
