Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors 1485-1603 > The Revolt of the Northern Earls, 1569-70 > Flashcards

The Revolt of the Northern Earls, 1569-70 Flashcards

1
Q

How did Mary Queen of Scots pose a threat (2)

A

-Had a legitimate claim
-Potential figurehead for Catholics born in England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mary QoS clain to the throne

A

-Through her grandmother Margaret Tudor (daughter of H7) who married James iV of Scotland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who viewed Elizabeth as illegitimate

A

Catholics, France and Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elizabeth’s concern and fear

A

Possibility of Catholic crusade, led by a coalition of powerful rulers and backed by the pope
Aim to replcae E1 with Mary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What unexpectedly helped Elizabeth’s security (3)

A
  • Mary’ continued connection w/ France
  • Spain wouldn’t support French candidate to be Queen as it would give the French too much power
  • French would control English Channel, prevent King Phillip reaching the lands in the Netherlands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did Mary return to Scotland

A

1560 began to rule as queen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mary’s links to France

A
  • Related to powerful Guise noble family
  • Philip continue to back Elizabeth to counteract Franco-Scottish alliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When did Mary arrive in England

A

May 1568

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were the tensions at court

A

Between rival groups of Elizabeth’s nobility, some resented Cecil’s influence with the Queen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did people start resenting Cecil

A

Elizabeth (advised by Cecil) seemed to be leading England into war with Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why had Anglo-Spanish relations started to deteriorate

A
  • 1567-68 Dutch protestant rebellion, put down with considerable brutality
  • Presence of Spanish forces in Netherlands created fears of possible invasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1568 Bullion situation (3)

A
  • 4 Spanish ships carrying bullion took refuge from pirates in England
  • Cecil ordered that the Bullion should be seized
  • heightened tensions between Spain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Court plot against Cecil aims

A

Didn’t intend to remove E1, were concerned by the influence Cecil had over her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Men involved in the court plot

A

-Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, Earls of Nothumberland and Westmorland, and Earl of Leicester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the overall aim of the Court plot

A

that the DoN (senior noble in the realm) would marry Mary
-Elizabeth’s constant refusal to marry/ name a successor worried her advisers who feared political instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Elizabeth when she found out about the plot// when

A

-September 1569
-Furious and forbade any further discussion of marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why would the potential marriage of Norfolk to Mary be dangerous to Elizabeth

A

-Most powerful nobleman to a rival claimant
-Could’ve encouraged Catholic discontent to overthrow Elizabeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Norfolk in 1568

A
  • leading member and chief beneficiary in the plot to marry Mary and remove Cecil
  • had connections to disgruntled members of the nobility such as Northumberland and Westmorland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Norfolk do on Oct 1,1569 (3)

A

-Remained loyal to Elizabeth
-wrote to Westmorland telling them not to rebel
-Returned to Court and was imprisoned in the Tower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Norfolk’s actions indirectly causing the rebellion

A

-leadership in the Court stirred up resentment
BUT his ultimate decision to stay loyal to Elizabeth undermined the potential threat of the Northern Rising, left W+N feeling increasingly isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Religion of Earl of Westmorland and Northumberland

A

Openly Catholic- preserved traditional Catholic practices and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the 1560s how many leading families in Yorkshire were Catholic

A

75% (similarly high in Lancashire and Durham)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why were Catholic traditions able to survive in England

A

Elizabeth’s religious settlement kept the doctrine of the CofE as moderate as possible- allowed moderate Catholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Elizabeth religious policy allowing moderate Catholicism (2)

A

-1559 Religious Settlement
-Thirty-Nine Articles 1563

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What were Church Papists

A

Moderate majority of Catholics who conformed outwardly to CofE by going to Church Services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What led to Catholics coming under suspicion

A

Relations with Spain deteriorated in 1566
-Government feared Catholics had divided loyalties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What increased the threat of a Catholic Rising

A
  • Exacerbated by the remoteness of the North
  • made it harder for the government to respond quickly to threats
  • GOV RESPONSE- introduced a more hardline response to religious conformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who was appointed Bishop of Durham

A

James Pilkington- held radical Protestant views and preached against both Catholicism and the power of traditional nobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What policies made Pilkington unpopular locally

A

-Attempted to remove church furniture and religious imagery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What led to greater political tension and resentment of Catholic nobility

A

appointment of Protestant outsiders to key posts in the North
-incomers tried to enforce Elizabeth’s rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why was the appointment of protestant outsiders felt more acutely

A

Mary 1 appointed members of the traditional Northern nobility to important political and strategic posts in 1553-1558

-Nobles had benefited from these policies but now deprived and overlooked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who did Elizabeth appoint to Warden of the East March + when

A

1568- Elizabeth’s cousin Protestant Lord Hunsdon
(traditionally been held by the Earls of Nothumberland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was Hunsdon’s appointment

A

-Had no lands or connection with the region
-appointment a deliberate attempt to extend royal control in a region where Elizabeth feared a challenge to her authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who was appointed Warden of the Middle March

A

Sir John Forster (completely loyal to Elizabeth)
-position previously held by the Earl of Northumberland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Who was the president of the Council of the North 1568

A

Earl of Sussex- Thomas Radcliffe (also an outsider)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How had Elizabeth’s appointments influenced the Earl’s negatively

A

Lost their incomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Northumberland being BROKE

A

1562- Wrote to Earl of Pembroke asking him to ask the queen of a grant of £1,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Earl of Westmorland BROKE

A

1568- forced to borrow £80 from Sir George Bowes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Nothumberland copper

A

1568- tried to claim compensation for the rights of Coppermine found on his estate
BUT the Crown refused to pay him anything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What did these financial worries cause

A

-added to the Earl’s grievances (but on its own did not provoke them to rebel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What was the rebellion caused by

A

Combination of increasing government intrusion into the North, both religiously and politically.
-Elizabeth’s actions convinced the Earls that they had nothing to lose in rebelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Where was Mary QoS moved in 1569

A

Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Why couldn’t Elizabeth execute Mary (3)

A
  • Mary was an anointed queen who had been deposed by her subjects
  • Elizabeth had strong views about the importance of Royal prerogative and subjects obeying
    -If E1 were to execute, would set a dangerous precedent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why did Elizabeth not want to put Mary back on the throne

A

Having a minor (James IV) on the Scottish throne would weaken the potential threat of invasion because the Scots would lack the necessary strong leadership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Who was the Earl of Moray and how did this help England (2)

A
  • The regent who now controlled Sctoland and its baby King was Protestant
  • the North would be enhanced if the neighbour had the same religious outlook
46
Q

Why else was Mary a threat

A

already had a dynasty of her own

47
Q

When did the Earls rebel

A

9 November 1569

48
Q

What did the supporters of the Earls of Westmorland do in the first week of the rebellion

A

Began to mass at his castle at Brancepeth in County Durham

49
Q

Leader of the gentry who stayed loyal to Elizabeth

A

Sir George Bowes

50
Q

What did the rebles do to show their religious aims

A

Marched to Durham Cathedral, where they celebrated Catholic mass and destroyed all signs of Protestantism

51
Q

What did the rebels do on the 15th November

A

Marched South- tried to raise the county of Yorkshire in the rebellion

52
Q

What did the rebels say in their proclamations

A
  • Earls claimed that they were the Queen’s loyal subjects who were defending her from advisers such as William Cecil
  • Presented themselves as concerned subjects who wanted to free her from bad advice
53
Q

BY 22November where did the rebels reach

A

Brahman Moor

54
Q

Why was Brahman Moor a strategic location (3)

A
  • Gaining control of this junction meant that they were threatening York- an important centre of the Northern government
  • Blocked troops marching North from London or South from Newcastle
  • were 40 miles from Tutbury castle
55
Q

By late November how much support did the rebels have

A

3,800 foot soldiers and 1,600 horsemen

56
Q

Why did the official who remained loyal find it difficult to act

A

The large scale of the rebellion-
e.g Sussex was trapped in York with only 400 horsemen

57
Q

What did Lord Hunsdon successfully do

A

Managed to send a message to William Cecil warning him of the rebels advances and advised to move Mary from Tutbury

58
Q

What did the rebels do on the 24th November

A

Made the decision to retreat from Brancepeth

59
Q

Why did the rebels retreat from Brancepth (4)

A
  • Heard rumours of a large army being organised down South by the Earl of Warwick
  • Mary QoS was moved and now out of reach
  • rebels realised they wouldn’t receive the same amount of support from the South
  • Rebels failed to raise Cheshire and Lancashire in the rebellion
60
Q

Why had the rebels failed to raise Cheshire and Lancashire in the rebellion

A

Earl of Derby (the most important member of the nobility in these regions) chose to stay loyal to Elizabeth

61
Q

Where did the rebels retreat to

A

County Durham- where the rebellion started and support was strongest

62
Q

How large was the rebel army by the point of the retreat back to Durham

A

3,200 footmen and 1,500 horsemen

63
Q

Why did the rebels capture the port of Hartpool

A

-Recieved a message promising them support from Spain , and they hoped that Spanish troops would land at the port
-BUT this support never came

64
Q

When did the rebel Earls disband and their army flee+ why?

A

16 December- when the large Royal Army reached the river Tees (Sir John Forster’s army)

65
Q

Where did the Earl of Northumberland flee and why was this a disaster

A

Scotland - but was handed over to the pro-England regent of Scotland, Earl of Moray

66
Q

When was Earl of Northumberland beheaded

A

1572 in York

67
Q

What did Lord Dacre do in 1569

A

gathered an armed force of about 3,000 men

68
Q

Battle between Lord Hunsdon and Lord Dacre

A

500 rebels killed and captured
-Hunsdon and his troops were victorious

69
Q

Rebel successes (2)

A
  • Were able to march into city of Durham (important administrative centre in the North)
  • siege of Barnard Castle from nearly 5,000 rebels
70
Q

Why was the siege of Barnard castle significant (2)

A
  • Crown property and an important stronghold
  • able to use it as a refuge where attacks could be launched
71
Q

What showed how weak and isolated Elizabeth’s followers had become (3)

A
  • by 14th Dec, Bowes reported that supplies were so low in the fortress that its defenders were reaching to a point of starvation
  • 226 of his men leapt over the walls and joined the rebels
  • Bowes was unable to control his supposedly loyal men in the castle
72
Q

How was the capture of Barnard Castle only a temporary success

A

They were forced to flee 2 days later

73
Q

Why did Westmorland want the DoN to marry Mary

A

Westmorland was DoN’s brother in law
-Expected increased patronage

74
Q

Northumberland’s thoughts on court plot

A

Opposed the marriage
-DoN nominally protestant

75
Q

When did Northumberland join the rebellion

A

9th November when the momentum of events persuaded him to join the uprising

76
Q

What persuaded Northumberland to openly rebel

A

-Commitment to Catholicism
-Both wanted a restoration to Catholicism

77
Q

How were the earl’s plans not well thought out (4)

A
  • Initial attempt to a rising in early October was abandoned when DoN was arrested
  • Rebel movement suggests that the earls were unsure on how to proceed
  • unorganised
  • no clear strategy
78
Q

How was rebel movement unsure and unorganised

A

-First went to Durham before moving South to Bramham Moor and then North again

79
Q

How were the Earls potentially dangerous (4)

A
  • Been in contact with people who were her potential enemies of Elizabeth (Mary and Spanish Ambassadors)
  • Determination to restore Catholicism in direct contradiction to ERS
  • Leadership they provided in their local communities- traditional loyalties remained strong
  • able to rely on many of the Catholic gentry
80
Q

What did the rebellion threaten (2)

A

-The stability of the North
-Elizabeth’s position to the throne

81
Q

How was the presence of Mary QoS threatening

A

-increased pressure on Elizabeth to settle the succession
-Mary was in contact with english Catholic nobility and her supporters in Scotland

82
Q

Why was the rebellion threatening (religious)

A

-Showed the extent to which her religious settlement failed to take root in the Conservative North
-Catholicism remained the dominant belief among members of the nobility and gentry

83
Q

Why was the rebellion threatening (remote regions) (3)

A
  • Exposed the monarch’s weakness in controlling the more remote regions of England effectively
  • Council of the North members were unable to stop the rebellion breaking out
  • WEAKNESS in E1’s policies in the North (created resentment)
84
Q

Problems with the royal army

A

-Took over a month for a large royal army to reach Durham
-mustering and movement of the army showed a weakness in Tudor government
-Army so large and expensive took a long time
DESPITE Sussex and Hunsdon asking Cecil for a small force of 800 men and 500 cavalry (ignored)

85
Q

Where did the rebellion not spread to // why

A

did not spread further west to Cheshire and Lancashire even though these areas had strong Catholic sympathies

-the dominant noble of the area Earl of Derby stayed loyal to E1
-Once the DoN stayed loyal to E1, the rebels were deprived of support from his estates further South

86
Q

Reasons for failure of the Rising (4)

A
  • Failures of leadership
  • Government response
  • lack of widespread support
  • lack of international support
87
Q

What were the failures in leadership (3)

A

lacked co-ordination and clear objectives
-leadership of the Earls were less focused
-disagreement among rebel leaders about their aims and methods, e.g Northumberland did not agree with the Norfolk-Mary marriage

88
Q

Strength in government response

A

Elizabeth’s loyal protestant outsiders helped end the rebellion
-e.g. John Forster, George Bowes and Lord Hunsdon
-the constant contact with government helped organise an effective response

89
Q

Lack of widespread support in the rising

A

-Failed to attract support from other members of the nobility
-lack of support from ordinary men and women (caused by earl’s lack of influence in some regions and popular apathy of the commons)

90
Q

Catholic Nobility who DID NOT join the rising (3)

A

Henry Clifford, the Earl of Cumberland
Earl of Derby
John Sayer- member of Durham gentry

91
Q

How had religious attitudes changed

A

Popular dislike and suspicion of foreigners meant that a return to a Church controlled by a pope in Rome was not widely supported
-People largely indifferent

92
Q

Lack of international support (3)

A
  • Rebels believed Philip II was gonna send troops but this was a false belief (reluctant to support Mary)
  • Scottish Catholics were prevented by pro-English regent of Scotland, the Earl of Moray
  • rebellion lacked legitimacy with some Catholics because the pope did not yet excommunicate E1
93
Q

How many ringleaders were executed in the aftermath of the rebellion

A

8 ringleaders
+Northumberland in 1572

94
Q

How many rebels did Elizabeth order to be executed

A

700

95
Q

How many of the executions were actually carried out

A

450/700
-because of the actions of Bowes and Sussex

96
Q

Government response in a political form CoN

A

1572, the Council of the North was reorganised again

97
Q

who was appointed the president of the Council

A

the Puritan Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon
-his continued presence in the North helped stabilise the region

98
Q

Confiscation of lands of the rebels

A

exiled Earl of Westmorland had all his estates confiscated
-helped decrease the power/influence of trad. northern nobility and to strengthen the power of the Crown of the North

99
Q

What did the pope do //when

A

Papal bull, Regnans in Excelsis, excommunicated her
-1570

100
Q

What led to anti-Catholic paranoia

A

-Fears of Catholic invasion
-arrival of Catholic missionary priests
CAUSED pressure for action to be taken against protestants and more support for those who wished to spread more radical ideas of Protestantism

101
Q

How was the papal bull threatening (3)

A

Released Elizabeth’s Catholic subjects from any oaths of obedience
-also threatened to excommunicate any subjects who continued to obey her
-English Catholics were actively encouraged by the papacy to consider deposing Elizabeth

102
Q

Who was treated more harshly after 1569

A

recusants

103
Q

Who was appointed president of the Council of the North in 1572+ what did he do

A

Puritan- Earl of Huntingdon (harsh)
- Didn’t tolerate any open Catholic activity
enforced the existing gov. legislation against recusants more vigorously
- Protestant preachers appointed to Northern Churches to spread protestant ideas

104
Q

How many Catholic priests did seminaries send to England

A

800

105
Q

Who were the English trained Jesuit priests

A

Cuthbert Mayne and Edmund Campion

106
Q

When was parliament called in response to the religious crises

A

1571, 1572, 1581, ‘84 and ‘86

107
Q

Example of a more hard-line approach towards Catholics (2)

A

1571- Parliament made it a treasonable offense to obtain or publish the papal bull of excommunication
1571- Treason Act extended to include those who tried to claim that Elizabeth had no right to be Queen

108
Q

Jesuit priest executed

A

1577- Cuthbert Mayne

109
Q

Elizabeth stricter laws towards recusants

A

1581- included a huge fine for non-attendance of Church services to £20 a month or imprisonment

110
Q

Decline in Catholicism

A

By 1603, only 50,000 Catholics remained in a population of 5 million

111
Q

What did Elizabeth want to ensure the growth of

A

Anglicanism, but some of her councillors (e.g Earl of Leicester) supported more radical Puritan preachers such as Thomas Cartwright

112
Q

What did Puritan MPs try to do

A

put pressure behind anti-Catholic legislation
e.g 1571, William Strickland MP tried to introduce a bill that would’ve created a more radical Book of Common Prayer (defeated)

Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors 1485-1603 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions